Individually timing high-protein preloads has no effect on daily energy intake, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 65; no. 1; pp. 55 - 62
• Main Authors: Willbond, S.M, Doucet, E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/378/1488; 631/443; 631/45/776/198; Adult; Appetite; Area Under Curve; Biological and medical sciences; Carbohydrates; Clinical Nutrition; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins - metabolism; Eating; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; experimental diets; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Food and nutrition; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gastrointestinal hormones; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; glucagon-like peptides; Hormones; Human beings; human nutrition; Humans; Hunger; Internal Medicine; Male; Man; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; men; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Nutrition research; original-article; peptide YY; Peptide YY - blood; Peptides; Physiological aspects; protein intake; Proteins; Public Health; randomized clinical trials; snacks; temporal variation; Time Factors; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Young Adult; Canada; energy intake; appetite; preload; gut hormones; Appetite; Digestive system; Gut; Energy input; Metabolic diseases; Protein; Glucagon like peptide 1; Daily; Gastrointestinal hormone; Nitric oxide; Timing; YY peptide
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.188

Background/Objectives: Gut hormones have been shown to influence energy intake (EI). To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effects of dietary patterns aimed at optimizing fullness on EI, appetite and gut hormones. Subject/Methods: To determine whether individually timing high-protein preloads would impact EI, appetite, and peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. Ten men (body mass index=25.5±2.6 kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover trial. The three conditions consisted of the self-selection of snacks (condition 1), or the consumption of a preload (300 kcal: 40% protein, 40% carbohydrates and 20% fat) at either 15 min (condition 2) or ~ 50 min (individually set) (condition 3) before lunch and dinner. During each condition, a standardized breakfast was served, whereas lunch and dinner were self-selected from a five-item menu, and eaten ad libitum. Mealtime and daily EI were measured. Appetite, peptide YY and GLP-1 were sampled over 9 h. Results: No differences in daily EI were noted across conditions (1=3078±720 kcal; 2=2929±264 kcal; 3=2998±437 kcal; not significant). For the most part, daily profiles as well as premeal levels of peptide YY and GLP-1 were not different between conditions. Desire to eat, hunger and prospective food consumption were found to be lowest during condition 1 (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to these results, it would seem that individually timing high-protein preloads does not reduce daily EI in healthy human subjects.