江川灌区旱田改水田加剧水体氮磷污染

黑龙江省江川灌区实施旱田改水田后，粮食产量持续上升，同时也暴露了以总氮和总磷为主的非点源污染问题。该文在GIS平台的支持下，运用SWAT模型，建立了模型所需的空间数据库和属性数据库，并运用实测资料对模型参数进行了率定。最后，设置了不同的情景，在耕地面积不变的情况下，改变水田比例为现状的70%、50%，从而研究农业非点源污染输出变化。研究表明：水田面积为70%和50%的情况下，月平均径流深比现状减少20.95、41.37 mm，总氮负荷减少27.84、48.16 t/a，总磷负荷减少1.66、2.89 t/a，说明旱田改水田将会对水环境产生不利影响。通过情景模拟发现，减少施肥量和节水灌溉均可以在...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in农业工程学报 Vol. 30; no. 12; pp. 79 - 86
Main Author 樊庆锌 孟婷婷 李金梦 邱微
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与环境国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150090 2014
哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨,150090%哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院，哈尔滨 150090
Subjects
SWAT模型
农业非点源污染
旱田改水田
氮
污染
磷
agricultural non-point source pollution
nitrogen
磷
农业非点源污染
SWAT model
SWAT模型
pollution
氮
旱田改水田
污染
phosphorus
changing dry land into paddy land
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ISSN1002-6819
DOI10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.12.010

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Summary:黑龙江省江川灌区实施旱田改水田后，粮食产量持续上升，同时也暴露了以总氮和总磷为主的非点源污染问题。该文在GIS平台的支持下，运用SWAT模型，建立了模型所需的空间数据库和属性数据库，并运用实测资料对模型参数进行了率定。最后，设置了不同的情景，在耕地面积不变的情况下，改变水田比例为现状的70%、50%，从而研究农业非点源污染输出变化。研究表明：水田面积为70%和50%的情况下，月平均径流深比现状减少20.95、41.37 mm，总氮负荷减少27.84、48.16 t/a，总磷负荷减少1.66、2.89 t/a，说明旱田改水田将会对水环境产生不利影响。通过情景模拟发现，减少施肥量和节水灌溉均可以在一定程度上控制污染物输出，施肥量减少50%后，总氮输出减少25.23%，总磷减少16.32%。在实际生产生活中，为保证粮食产量，可以通过改变施肥方式或设置人工湿地等方法减少农业面源污染。
Bibliography:After changing from upland farming to paddy field in Jiangchuan irrigation area, the grain production continues to increase, but problem of the non-point source pollution occurs predominantly with total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Both paddy fields and upland fields can experience surface runoff of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but which land use can cause more surface runoff remains largely unknown. There are many point source pollution researches in water systems in China, and the technology and methods are relatively mature. But for agricultural non-point source pollution, most research is done in the south, and less in the northeast of China. Therefore, it is needed for research on surface nutrient or pesticide runoff when changing from upland farming to paddy fields. With the use of GIS and SWAT model, the spatial database and attribute database of the model for the research area were established. The spatial database included digital elevation map （DEM）, land use map and soil map. The attribut
ISSN:1002-6819
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.12.010