Functional brain connectivity at rest changes after working memory training

Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study...

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Published in	Human brain mapping Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 396 - 406
Main Authors	Jolles, Dietsje D., van Buchem, Mark A., Crone, Eveline A., Rombouts, Serge A.R.B.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.02.2013 Wiley-Liss John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects	Adolescent Adult Aging - psychology Biological and medical sciences Brain Mapping Child development Female fMRI Frontal Lobe - physiology functional connectivity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Learning - physiology Learning. Memory Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Memory Memory, Short-Term - physiology Nerve Net - physiology Nervous system Neural Pathways - physiology Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Parietal Lobe - physiology Pilot Projects plasticity practice Practice, Psychological Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychomotor Performance - physiology Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Rest - physiology resting state Young Adult Nervous system diseases development practice Radiodiagnosis Central nervous system Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Encephalon fMRI Rest resting state functional connectivity Plasticity Working memory
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1065-9471 1097-0193 1097-0193
DOI	10.1002/hbm.21444

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Abstract	Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task‐relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience‐dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12‐year‐old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice‐related changes of functional connectivity are age‐dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AbstractList	Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task‐relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience‐dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12‐year‐old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice‐related changes of functional connectivity are age‐dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task-relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience-dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12-year-old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice-related changes of functional connectivity are age-dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task-relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience-dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12-year-old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice-related changes of functional connectivity are age-dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task-relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience-dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12-year-old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice-related changes of functional connectivity are age-dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined. However, several studies have shown that functional connectivity may change depending on instructions or previous experience. In the present study, we investigated whether 6 weeks of practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during a resting period preceding the task. We focused on two task-relevant networks, the frontoparietal network and the default network, using seed regions in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), respectively. After practice, young adults showed increased functional connectivity between the right MFG and other regions of the frontoparietal network, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, paracingulate gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, they showed reduced functional connectivity between the medial PFC and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Moreover, a regression with performance changes revealed a positive relation between performance increases and changes of frontoparietal connectivity, and a negative relation between performance increases and changes of default network connectivity. Next, to study whether experience-dependent effects would be different during development, we also examined practice effects in a pilot sample of 12-year-old children. No practice effects were found in this group, suggesting that practice-related changes of functional connectivity are age-dependent. Nevertheless, future studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Author	Jolles, Dietsje D. Crone, Eveline A. van Buchem, Mark A. Rombouts, Serge A.R.B.
AuthorAffiliation	1 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands – name: 2 Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands – name: 1 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Dietsje D. surname: Jolles fullname: Jolles, Dietsje D. email: d.d.jolles@lumc.nl organization: Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Mark A. surname: van Buchem fullname: van Buchem, Mark A. organization: Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Eveline A. surname: Crone fullname: Crone, Eveline A. organization: Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Serge A.R.B. surname: Rombouts fullname: Rombouts, Serge A.R.B. organization: Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Keywords	Nervous system diseases development practice Radiodiagnosis Central nervous system Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Encephalon fMRI Rest resting state functional connectivity Plasticity Working memory
Language	English
License	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor CC BY 4.0 Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Notes	ark:/67375/WNG-WPQTNBQX-Z ArticleID:HBM21444 S.A.R.B.R. and E.A.C are supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI) - No. 91786368; No. 45207011 Gratama stichting and Leids Universiteits Fonds (granted to E.A.C.) istex:4F5DC65BEB7ABC2CC355960CA5E6465615CE2F03 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
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PublicationDate	February 2013
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PublicationTitle	Human brain mapping
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PublicationYear	2013
Publisher	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company Wiley-Liss John Wiley & Sons, Inc
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Snippet	Networks of functional connectivity are highly consistent across participants, suggesting that functional connectivity is for a large part predetermined....
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Aging - psychology Biological and medical sciences Brain Mapping Child development Female fMRI Frontal Lobe - physiology functional connectivity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Learning - physiology Learning. Memory Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Memory Memory, Short-Term - physiology Nerve Net - physiology Nervous system Neural Pathways - physiology Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Parietal Lobe - physiology Pilot Projects plasticity practice Practice, Psychological Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychomotor Performance - physiology Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Rest - physiology resting state Young Adult
Title	Functional brain connectivity at rest changes after working memory training
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