Impact of Indoor Environment on Path Loss in Body Area Networks

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 10; pp. 19551 - 19560
• Main Authors: Hausman, Sławomir, Januszkiewicz, Łukasz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.10.2014; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Antennas; Arm - physiology; Back - physiology; Body Area Networks; body phantoms; Channels; Communication channels; Computer Communication Networks; Computer simulation; Energy consumption; Expected values; FDTD; Human Body; Humans; Indoor environments; Mathematical models; Models, Biological; Networks; Offices; on-body sensor network; Propagation; Radio Waves; Sensors; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Simulation; Thorax - physiology; Walls; wearable antennas; Wireless Technology
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s141019551

In this paper the influence of an example indoor environment on narrowband radio channel path loss for body area networks operating around 2.4 GHz is investigated using computer simulations and on-site measurements. In contrast to other similar studies, the simulation model included both a numerical human body phantom and its environment—room walls, floor and ceiling. As an example, radio signal attenuation between two different configurations of transceivers with dipole antennas placed in a direct vicinity of a human body (on-body scenario) is analyzed by computer simulations for several types of reflecting environments. In the analyzed case the propagation environments comprised a human body and office room walls. As a reference environment for comparison, free space with only a conducting ground plane, modelling a steel mesh reinforced concrete floor, was chosen. The transmitting and receiving antennas were placed in two on-body configurations chest–back and chest–arm. Path loss vs. frequency simulation results obtained using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and a multi-tissue anthropomorphic phantom were compared to results of measurements taken with a vector network analyzer with a human subject located in an average-size empty cuboidal office room. A comparison of path loss values in different environments variants gives some qualitative and quantitative insight into the adequacy of simplified indoor environment model for the indoor body area network channel representation.