The soil microbiome—from metagenomics to metaphenomics

• Published in: Current opinion in microbiology Vol. 43; no. C; pp. 162 - 168
• Main Authors: Jansson, Janet K, Hofmockel, Kirsten S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2018; Elsevier
• Subjects: Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - metabolism; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena - genetics; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Biodiversity; carbon; Carbon - metabolism; DNA; genes; genetic traits; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metagenomics; microbiome; Microbiota - genetics; Microbiota - physiology; nutrients; Phenotype; Phylogeny; soil; Soil Microbiology; soil microorganisms
• ISSN: 1369-5274; 1879-0364; 1879-0364
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.013

Soil microorganisms carry out important processes, including support of plant growth and cycling of carbon and other nutrients. However, the majority of soil microbes have not yet been isolated and their functions are largely unknown. Although metagenomic sequencing reveals microbial identities and functional gene information, it includes DNA from microbes with vastly varying physiological states. Therefore, metagenomics is only predictive of community functional potential. We posit that the next frontier lies in understanding the metaphenome, the product of the combined genetic potential of the microbiome and available resources. Here we describe examples of opportunities towards gaining understanding of the soil metaphenome.