Smart design in biopolymer-based hemostatic sponges: From hemostasis to multiple functions

• Published in: Bioactive materials Vol. 45; pp. 459 - 478
• Main Authors: Zou, Chen-Yu, Han, Chen, Xing, Fei, Jiang, Yan-Lin, Xiong, Ming, Li-Ling, Jesse, Xie, Hui-Qi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Elsevier B.V 01.03.2025; KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd; KeAi Publishing; KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
• Subjects: Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Biocompatibility; Biodegradability; Biological activity; Biopolymer; Biopolymers; Coagulation; Collagen; Component; Design; Emergency medical care; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Hemostatic sponges; Hemostatics; Immunomodulation; Injuries; Material properties; Multiple functions; Otolaryngology; Physical properties; Physiology; Polypeptides; Polysaccharides; Review; Sponges; Structure; Hemostatic sponges; Component; Structure; Hemostasis; Multiple functions; Biopolymer
• ISSN: 2452-199X; 2097-1192; 2452-199X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.034

Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death in clinical and emergency care, posing a major threat to human life. To achieve effective bleeding control, many hemostatic materials have emerged. Among them, nature-derived biopolymers occupy an important position due to the excellent inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity. Additionally, sponges have been widely used in clinical and daily life because of their rapid blood absorption. Therefore, we provide the overview focusing on the latest advances and smart designs of biopolymer-based hemostatic sponge. Starting from the component, the applications of polysaccharide and polypeptide in hemostasis are systematically introduced, and the unique bioactivities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and immunomodulation are also concerned. From the perspective of sponge structure, different preparation processes can obtain unique physical properties and structures, which will affect the material properties such as hemostasis, antibacterial and tissue repair. Notably, as development frontier, the multi-functions of hemostatic materials is summarized, mainly including enhanced coagulation, antibacterial, avoiding tumor recurrence, promoting tissue repair, and hemorrhage monitoring. Finally, the challenges facing the development of biopolymer-based hemostatic sponges are emphasized, and future directions for in vivo biosafety, emerging materials, multiple application scenarios and translational research are proposed. [Display omitted] •The latest advance and smart design of biopolymer-based hemostatic sponge are overall reviewed.•The effects of different polysaccharides and polypeptides on sponge functions are concerned.•Multifunctional design based on sponge physical property and structure is discussed and compared.•The multiple functions of hemostatic material are summarized from different applications.