Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions

• Published in: Critical reviews in microbiology Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 91 - 111
• Main Authors: Ponde, Nicole O., Lortal, Léa, Ramage, Gordon, Naglik, Julian R., Richardson, Jonathan P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 02.01.2021
• Subjects: adhesion; Animals; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; biofilm; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Candida albicans - drug effects; Candida albicans - genetics; Candida albicans - physiology; candidiasis; Candidiasis - drug therapy; Candidiasis - microbiology; extracellular matrix; Fungal Proteins - genetics; Fungal Proteins - metabolism; fungi; Humans; lifestyle; microbial community; morbidity; mortality; polymicrobial; transcription (genetics); virulence; Virulence Factors - genetics; Virulence Factors - metabolism; Candida albicans; microbial community; fungi; biofilm; polymicrobial
• ISSN: 1040-841X; 1549-7828; 1549-7828
• DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1843400

Candida albicans is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in C. albicans biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by C. albicans and selected microbial species.