Dechlorination of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides by Thiosulfate Salts

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 99; no. 8; pp. 5189 - 5194
• Main Authors: Gan, Jianying, Wang, Qiquan, Yates, Scott R., Koskinen, William C., Jury, William A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 16.04.2002; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Acetamides; Acetamides - chemistry; Acetamides - pharmacology; acetochlor; alachlor; Aquifers; Biological Sciences; Carbon; chemical degradation; Chemicals; chemistry; chlorides; Chlorine; Chlorine - chemistry; Contaminants; Dechlorination; Environmental monitoring; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; herbicide residues; Herbicides; Herbicides - chemistry; Herbicides - pharmacology; Kinetics; metolachlor; Models, Chemical; Organic compounds; pharmacology; Physical Sciences; Pollutants; polluted soils; pollution control; propachlor; Salts; sand; Soil pollution; Soil salts; Soil water; Sustainable agriculture; Temperature; thiosulfates; Thiosulfates - chemistry; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.042105199

Halogenated organic compounds (XOCs) are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals. Many XOCs are recalcitrant to natural degradation and have become prominent environmental contaminants. One group of such XOCs are the heavily used chloroacetanilide herbicides. We have found that chloroacetanilide herbicides are rapidly dechlorinated in water, sand, and soil by thiosulfate salts under ambient conditions. Structural and kinetics analysis suggests that the reaction occurred by SN2 nucleophilic substitution, in which the chlorine was replaced by thiosulfate and the herbicide was detoxified. Laboratory studies showed that this reaction could be used for removing residues of chloroacetanilide herbicides in water, soil, and sand. Our findings also suggest that some other XOCs may be subject to this reaction. Because common thiosulfate salts are innocuous products (e.g., fertilizers) and the reaction selectively detoxifies XOCs at low thiosulfate levels, this discovery may lead to a new way for safe removal of certain XOCs from the environment.