Serum β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity: The Mikkabi cohort study

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 26; no. 9; pp. 808 - 814
• Main Authors: Nakamura, M., Sugiura, M., Ogawa, K., Ikoma, Y., Yano, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2016
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Ankle Brachial Index; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Arteriosclerosis - blood; Arteriosclerosis - diagnosis; Arteriosclerosis - physiopathology; Arteriosclerosis - prevention & control; beta Carotene - administration & dosage; beta Carotene - blood; beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin; Beta-Cryptoxanthin - administration & dosage; Beta-Cryptoxanthin - blood; blood serum; cardioprotective effect; Cardiovascular; cardiovascular diseases; Carotenoids; Citrus; Citrus fruit; cohort studies; confidence interval; Female; Fruit; Health Surveys; Healthy Diet; Humans; Japan; Male; meta-analysis; metabolism; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; observational studies; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Pulse Wave Analysis; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Satsuma mandarin; satsumas; Time Factors; vitamins; Japan; Antioxidants; Satsuma mandarin; Carotenoids; Citrus fruit; Arteriosclerosis
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.001

Findings of observational studies suggest cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. However, recent meta-analyses failed to show the beneficial effects of supplemental intake of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the association between CVD risk and β-cryptoxanthin in Japan, where Satsuma mandarin, a major source of β-cryptoxanthin, is widely consumed. This was part of the Mikkabi cohort study. Surveys were conducted at baseline, in 2003 and 2005, and on follow-up in 2006, 2009, and 2013. We examined brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with a high cut-off value set at 18.3 m s−1. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for high baPWV were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 635 participants with baPWV of less than 18.3 m s−1 at baseline were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 57,921 person-months, 99 subjects developed high baPWV. After multivariate adjustment, the HR for high baPWV in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly low for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. Serum concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were higher in people who ate Satsuma mandarin frequently. Compared with <1/d intake of Satsuma mandarin, 3–4/d was associated with a low risk of high PWV. This study indicated that β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin are candidate micronutrients for preventing arteriosclerosis development. Further longitudinal and interventional studies will be required to validate the effect on CVD. •High serum β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene showed low risk of high PWV.•Satsuma mandarin intake was associated with serum β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene.•Compared with <1/d intake of Satsuma mandarin, 3–4/d showed low risk of high PWV.