Biological 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene removal by extended aeration activated sludge: optimization using artificial neural network

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 9053 - 11
• Main Authors: Karimi, Hossein, Mohammadi, Farzaneh, Rajabi, Saeed, Mahvi, Amir Hossein, Ghanizadeh, Ghader
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 03.06.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene; 704/172; 704/844; Activated sludge; Aeration; Chemical oxygen demand; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Neural networks; Retention time; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Wastewater; Wastewater pollution
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34657-z

Serious health issues can result from exposure to the nitrogenous pollutant like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is emitted into the environment by the munitions and military industries, as well as from TNT-contaminated wastewater. The TNT removal by extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) was optimized in the current study using artificial neural network modeling. In order to achieve the best removal efficiency, 500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 4 and 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and 1–30 mg/L of TNT were used in this study. The kinetics of TNT removal by the EAAS system were described by the calculation of the kinetic coefficients K, Ks, Kd, max, MLSS, MLVSS, F/M, and SVI. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithms (GA) were used to optimize the data obtained through TNT elimination. ANFIS approach was used to analyze and interpret the given data, and its accuracy was around 97.93%. The most effective removal efficiency was determined using the GA method. Under ideal circumstances (10 mg/L TNT concentration and 6 h), the TNT removal effectiveness of the EAAS system was 84.25%. Our findings demonstrated that the artificial neural network system (ANFIS)-based EAAS optimization could enhance the effectiveness of TNT removal. Additionally, it can be claimed that the enhanced EAAS system has the ability to extract wastewaters with larger concentrations of TNT as compared to earlier experiments.