Valorisation, Green Extraction Development, and Metabolomic Analysis of Wild Artichoke By-Product Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction UPLC–HRMS and Multivariate Data Analysis

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 21; p. 7157
• Main Authors: Pagliari, Stefania, Cannavacciuolo, Ciro, Celano, Rita, Carabetta, Sonia, Russo, Mariateresa, Labra, Massimo, Campone, Luca
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 22.10.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; antioxidant activities; Antioxidants; artichoke leaves by-product; Artichokes; By products; Chemical properties; Chromatography; Consumption; Data analysis; Domestication; Environmental impact; Extraction (Chemistry); Flavonoids; Food; Food wastes; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Metabolomics; Methods; multivariate analysis; Phenols; phytochemical analysis; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols; pressurised liquid extraction; Production processes; Solvents; Ultrasonic imaging; Wild plants, Edible; Italy
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217157

Valorisation of food by-products has recently attracted considerable attention due to the opportunities to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the food production chain. Large quantities of non-edible parts of the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) comprising leaves, stems, roots, bracts, and seeds are discarded annually during industrial processing. These by-products contain many phytochemicals such as dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, whereby the most challenging issue concerns about the recovery of high-added value components from these by-products. The aim of this work is to develop a novel valorisation strategy for the sustainable utilisation of artichoke leaves’ waste, combining green pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE), spectrophotometric assays and UPLC–HRMS phytochemical characterization, to obtain bioactive-rich extract with high antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis of the major selected metabolites was used to compare different solvent extraction used in PLE.