The role of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 14; p. 1163633
• Main Authors: Chen, Ru-Yue, Zhu, Yun, Shen, Yun-Yan, Xu, Qin-Ying, Tang, Han-Yun, Cui, Ning-Xun, Jiang, Lu, Dai, Xiao-Mei, Chen, Wei-Qing, Lin, Qiang, Li, Xiao-Zhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 16.05.2023
• Subjects: autoimmune diseases; Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy; Humans; immune checkpoint proteins; immune tolerance; Immunology; Immunosuppression Therapy; immunotherapy; Ligands; Neoplasms; programmed cell death 1 receptor; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment; autoimmune diseases; programmed cell death 1 receptor; immune tolerance; immune checkpoint proteins; tumor microenvironment; immunotherapy
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163633

Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligands constitute an inhibitory pathway to mediate the mechanism of immune tolerance and provide immune homeostasis. Significantly, the binding partners of PD-1 and its associated ligands are diverse, which facilitates immunosuppression in cooperation with other immune checkpoint proteins. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important immunosuppressive role of the PD-1 axis in the tumor microenvironment and in autoimmune diseases. In addition, PD-1 blockades have been approved to treat various cancers, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the PD-1 pathway, focusing on the structure and expression of PD-1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2); the diverse biological functions of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases (including tumor immunity, autoimmunity, infectious immunity, transplantation immunity, allergy and immune privilege); and immune-related adverse events related to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.