Three-dimensional reconstruction of the "bright ring" echogenicity from porcine blood upstream in a stenosed tube

• Published in: IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Vol. 56; no. 4; pp. 880 - 885
• Main Authors: Dong-Guk Paeng, Kweon-Ho Nam, Min Choi, Shung, K.K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.04.2009; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Bifurcation; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical engineering; Blood; Blood flow; Blood Flow Velocity; Doppler effect; Eccentrics; Exact sciences and technology; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow measurement; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Hemodynamics. Rheology; Image Enhancement - methods; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Kirk field collapse effect; Oceans; Physics; Plasma simulation; Reconstruction; Reduction; Reproducibility of Results; Reservoirs; Rotational flow and vorticity; Sensitivity and Specificity; Swine; Systems engineering and theory; Tubes; Ultrasonography, Doppler - methods; Upstream; Velocity measurement; Vertebrates: cardiovascular system; Human; Hole; Tube; B scan; Eccentricity; Swirling flow; Red blood cell; Stenosis; Doppler effect; Experimental study; Spectral analysis; Blood flow; Ring; Circulatory system; Hemodynamics; Cardiology; Acoustic image; Ultrasound; Pulsating flow
• ISSN: 0885-3010; 1525-8955; 1525-8955
• DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1113

To investigate the echogenicity variation due to blood flow disturbance near a stenosis under pulsatile flow, a series of in vitro experiments were performed in a rigid tube with an eccentric stenosis of 70% area reduction in a mock flow loop. An ultrasonic B-mode with a Doppler spectrogram was used to correlate echogenicity with flow speed and stroke rate. This paper reports echogenicity variation upstream of a stenosis under pulsatile flow. The experimental results showed that blood flow disturbed by the stenosis affects echogenicity and red blood cell rouleaux upstream. A hypoechoic ldquoblack holerdquo was shown at the center of the stream at systole. During diastole, the ldquobright ringrdquo in cross-sectional images was observed as eddy-like or parabolic profiles in longitudinal images. These images could be reconstructed into a 3-dimensional animation, providing a better understanding of dynamic changes of the rouleaux distribution upstream of a stenosis under pulsatile flow.