Inflammation and type 2 diabetes

• Published in: Diabetes & metabolism Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 183 - 191
• Main Authors: Calle, M.C., Fernandez, M.L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01.06.2012; Masson
• Subjects: Adiponectin; Adiponectin - blood; Adiponectine; adipose tissue; Atherosclerosis - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Cardiovascular diseases; cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diabetic Angiopathies - blood; Diabetic Angiopathies - etiology; Diabetic Angiopathies - metabolism; Diabète de type 2; Diet; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinology & Metabolism; Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; heart diseases; Humans; inflammation; Inflammation - blood; Inflammation - etiology; Insulin Resistance; Internal Medicine; Maladies cardiovasculaires; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; metabolic syndrome; Miscellaneous; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Obesity - blood; Obesity - complications; Obesity - metabolism; Other metabolic disorders; Perte de poids; Protéine C-réactive; Revue générale; Régime; Syndrome métabolique; The metabolic syndrome; TNF-α; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood; Type 2 diabetes; Weight loss; Type 2 diabetes; Adiponectine; Régime; C-reactive protein; Perte de poids; Weight loss; Maladies cardiovasculaires; Syndrome métabolique; Adiponectin; Protéine C-réactive; Diabète de type 2; TNF-α; Diet; The metabolic syndrome; Cardiovascular diseases; Revue générale; Endocrinopathy; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Inflammation; Adipokine; Review; C reactive protein
• ISSN: 1262-3636; 1878-1780; 1878-1780
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2011.11.006

Low-grade inflammation is a common feature in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heart disease, the metabolic syndrome and T2D all have in common the increased concentration of circulatory cytokines as a result of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by different cell types and secreted into the circulation, where they regulate different tissues through their local, central and peripheral actions. This review focuses on C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-established marker of the development of inflammation, on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory marker strongly associated with diabetes, and on adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipose tissue and associated with insulin sensitivity. While it is clear from the literature that these cytokines play a major role in the development of T2D or, in the case of adiponectin, its prevention, the best strategy for favourably altering the inflammatory response is still a matter of debate. La présence d’une inflammation chronique est une caractéristique fréquente des patients atteints de diabète de type 2 (DT2). Les maladies cardiovasculaires, le syndrome métabolique et DT2 ont en commun une augmentation des cytokines sanguines qui résultent de l’inflammation. Les cytokines inflammatoires sont produites par différents types de cellules et sont secrétées dans le sang ou elles régulent les différents tissues à travers leurs actions locales, centrales ou périphériques. Cette revue se focalisera sur la protéine C réactive (CRP), marqueur bien établi de l’inflammation, sur le facteur de nécrose tumoral alpha (TNF-α), marqueur inflammatoire fortement associe au diabète et sur l’adiponectine, cytokine produite par le tissu adipeux et associée à l’insulinosensibilité. S’il est clair dans la littérature scientifique que les cytokines jouent un rôle majeur dans le développement ou, dans le cas de l’adiponectine, dans la prévention du DT2, l’intérêt de réduire la réponse inflammatoire fait encore débat.