Recent advances in Lewy body dementia: A comprehensive review

• Published in: Disease-a-month Vol. 69; no. 5; p. 101441
• Main Authors: Prasad, Sakshi, Katta, Maanya Rajasree, Abhishek, Shuchi, Sridhar, Rishala, Valisekka, Sai Sudha, Hameed, Maha, Kaur, Jasneet, Walia, Namrata
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Alzheimer Disease - etiology; Alzheimer Disease - therapy; Dementia - diagnosis; Dementia - etiology; Dementia - therapy; Dementia with Lewy bodies; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Internal Medicine; Lewy body dementia; Lewy Body Disease - complications; Lewy Body Disease - diagnosis; Lewy Body Disease - therapy; Parkinson Disease - complications; Parkinson disease dementia; Synucleinopathies; Synucleinopathies; Parkinson disease dementia; Lewy body dementia; Dementia with Lewy bodies
• ISSN: 0011-5029; 1557-8194; 1557-8194
• DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101441

Lewy Body Dementia is the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness proven to cause dementia, after Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is believed to be vastly underdiagnosed, as there is a significant disparity between the number of cases diagnosed clinically and those diagnosed via neuropathology at the time of postmortem autopsy. Strikingly, many of the pharmacologic treatments used to treat behavioral and cognitive symptoms in other forms of dementia exacerbate the symptoms of DLB. Therefore, it is critical to accurately diagnose DLB as these patients require a specific treatment approach. This article focuses on its pathophysiology, risk factors, differentials, and its diverse treatment modalities. In this study, an English language literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till April 2022. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used: “Lewy Body Dementia,” “Dementia with Lewy bodies,” and “Parkinson's Disease Dementia.” We explored the literature on Lewy Body Dementia for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, the role of various genes and how they bring about the disease, biomarkers, its differential diagnoses and treatment options.