Quantification of epicardial fat by computed tomography: Why, when and how?

• Published in: Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 3 - 10
• Main Authors: Marwan, Mohamed, Achenbach, Stephan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2013
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - diagnostic imaging; Adipose Tissue - physiopathology; Adiposity; Cardiovascular; Epicardial fat; Heart Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Heart Diseases - physiopathology; Humans; Risk Assessment; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods; CT; Epicardial fat
• ISSN: 1934-5925; 1876-861X; 1876-861X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2013.01.002

In the past decade, interest has grown in the relation between epicardial fat and cardiovascular disease. Several imaging modalities such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to quantify epicardial adipose tissue. Computed tomography provides high spatial resolution and true volume coverage of the heart; therefore, it constitutes an attractive approach to quantifying epicardial fat. An increasing body of evidence has been accumulated which shows a relation between epicardial fat volume and coronary atherosclerosis, cardiovascular outcomes, and even non–atherosclerotic heart disease such as atrial fibrillation. The association of increased epicardial fat volume with cardiac disease remains significant even after correction for weight, body mass index, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The mechanisms have not been reliably identified, but metabolic properties of epicardial fat may play a role. At the present time, epicardial fat quantification is not included in recommended algorithms for risk stratification. However, the available data are intriguing enough to warrant further research.