Green analytical chemistry metrics for evaluating the greenness of analytical procedures

• Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical analysis Vol. 14; no. 11; pp. 101013 - 14
• Main Authors: Yin, Lei, Yu, Luyao, Guo, Yingxia, Wang, Chuya, Ge, Yuncheng, Zheng, Xinyue, Zhang, Ning, You, Jiansong, Zhang, Yong, Shi, Meiyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Elsevier B.V 01.11.2024; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Shenyang,110042,China; School of Chemical Engineering,Ocean and Life Sciences,Dalian University of Technology,Panjin,Liaoning,124221,China; School of Chemical Engineering,Ocean and Life Sciences,Dalian University of Technology,Panjin,Liaoning,124221,China%School of Chemical Engineering,Ocean and Life Sciences,Dalian University of Technology,Panjin,Liaoning,124221,China%Aim Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning,116600,China%Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Shenyang,110042,China%Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Shenyang,110042,China; Aim Honesty Biopharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning,116600,China; Elsevier
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Analytical methods; Chloroform; Energy consumption; Environmental sustainability; Green analytical chemistry; Greenness metric; Methods; Metric system; Pictographs; Principles; Solvents; Sustainable development; Toxicity; Analytical methods; Green analytical chemistry; Environmental sustainability; Greenness metric
• ISSN: 2095-1779; 2214-0883; 2214-0883
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101013

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety, human health, and environment. In addition to the 12 principles of GAC, proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays. The 15 widely used GAC metrics, i.e., national environmental methods index (NEMI), advanced NEMI, assessment of green profile (AGP), chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale (ChlorTox Scale), Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale, analytical method greenness score (AMGS), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, red-green-blue (RGB) additive color model, RGB 12 algorithm, analytical greenness calculator (AGREE), AGREE preparation (AGREEprep), HEXAGON, and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), are selected as the typical tools. This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles, characteristics, merits, and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools. This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays. [Display omitted] •This article first describes the principles, attributes, merits, and demerits of 15 commonly used GAC metrics.•The future perspectives of GAC tools are presented and discussed.•This article is beneficial in comprehending the current GAC metrics.