Fruit and vegetable intakes and subsequent changes in body weight in European populations: results from the project on Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes)

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 90; no. 1; pp. 202 - 209
• Main Authors: Buijsse, Brian, Feskens, Edith JM, Schulze, Matthias B, Forouhi, Nita G, Wareham, Nicholas J, Sharp, Stephen, Palli, Domenico, Tognon, Gianluca, Halkjaer, Jytte, Tjønneland, Anne, Jakobsen, Marianne U, Overvad, Kim, van der A, Daphne L, Du, Huaidong, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Boeing, Heiner
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Clinical Nutrition 01.07.2009; American Society for Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; blood-pressure; Body Weight; Body Weight - genetics; Body Weight - physiology; body weight changes; cancer; cigarettes; Diet; Diet Surveys; Diet, Obesity, and Genes Study; diet-related diseases; Diogenes; disease resistance; epic-potsdam cohort; Europe; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin; food intake; food-intake patterns; Fruit; Fruits; fruits (food); Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gene expression regulation; Genes; genetics; high-fiber; human nutrition; Humans; Life Style; Male; mass index; men; Middle Aged; nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - physiopathology; physiology; physiopathology; Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine; regression analysis; Smoking; smoking (habit); smoking cessation; Vegetables; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; waist circumference; Weight; Weight Gain; Weight Loss; women; Europe; Human; Obesity; Vegetables; Fruit; Body weight; Nutrition disorder; Change; European; Feeding; Gene; Diet; Population; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27394

BACKGROUND: High fruit and vegetable intakes may limit weight gain, particularly in susceptible persons, such as those who stop smoking. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the association of fruit and vegetable intake with subsequent weight change in a large-scale prospective study. DESIGN: The data used were from 89,432 men and women from 5 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The association between fruit and vegetable intake and weight change after a mean follow-up of 6.5 y was assessed by linear regression. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate whether fruit and vegetable intake relates to weight gain, weight loss, or both. RESULTS: Per 100-g intake of fruit and vegetables, weight change was -14 g/y (95% CI: -19, -9 g/y). In those who stopped smoking during follow-up, this value was -37 g/y (95% CI: -58, -15 g/y; P for interaction < 0.0001). When weight gain and loss were analyzed separately per 100-g intake of fruit and vegetables in a combined model, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) for weight gain greater-than-or-equal0.5 and <1 kg/y, 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) for weight gain greater-than-or-equal1 kg/y, and 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) for weight loss greater-than-or-equal0.5 kg/y. In those who stopped smoking during follow-up, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.88, 0.99), 0.87 (0.81, 0.92), and 0.97 (0.88, 1.07), respectively (P for interaction < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Fruit and vegetable intake relates significantly, albeit weakly inversely, to weight change. For persons who stop smoking, high fruit and vegetable intakes may be recommended to reduce the risk of weight gain.