Measurement of small fibre pain threshold values for the early detection of diabetic polyneuropathy
Aim To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity. Methods Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japa...
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| Published in | Diabetic medicine Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 62 - 69 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0742-3071 1464-5491 1464-5491 |
| DOI | 10.1111/dme.12797 |
Cover
| Abstract | Aim
To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity.
Methods
Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications.
Results
Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Aδ fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Aδ fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut‐off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies.
Conclusions
Intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation is a non‐invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria.
What's new?
We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly developed portable stimulator, PNS‐7000.
Our results show that small fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared with the group without diabetes, especially in those with abnormal neuropathic findings, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also found that IES took less time and was less invasive than nerve conduction studies.
Our findings show that IES may be used for detection of small fibre neuropathy and may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. |
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| AbstractList | Aim To investigate whether A[delta] and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity. Methods A[delta] and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications. Results A[delta] and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (A[delta] fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA,P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA,P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher A[delta] and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (A[delta] fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA,P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA,P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut-off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies. Conclusions Intra-epidermal electrical stimulation is a non-invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. What's new? We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly developed portable stimulator, PNS-7000. Our results show that small fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared with the group without diabetes, especially in those with abnormal neuropathic findings, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also found that IES took less time and was less invasive than nerve conduction studies. Our findings show that IES may be used for detection of small fibre neuropathy and may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity.AIMTo investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity.Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications.METHODSAδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications.Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Aδ fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Aδ fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut-off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies.RESULTSAδ and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Aδ fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Aδ fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut-off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies.Intra-epidermal electrical stimulation is a non-invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria.CONCLUSIONSIntra-epidermal electrical stimulation is a non-invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. Aim To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity. Methods Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications. Results Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Aδ fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Aδ fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut‐off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies. Conclusions Intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation is a non‐invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. What's new? We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly developed portable stimulator, PNS‐7000. Our results show that small fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared with the group without diabetes, especially in those with abnormal neuropathic findings, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also found that IES took less time and was less invasive than nerve conduction studies. Our findings show that IES may be used for detection of small fibre neuropathy and may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. Aim. To investigate whether Ad and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity. Methods. Ad and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications. Results. Ad and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Ad fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Ad and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Ad fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut-off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies. Conclusions. Intra-epidermal electrical stimulation is a non-invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. 30 references We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly developed portable stimulator, PNS‐7000. Our results show that small fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared with the group without diabetes, especially in those with abnormal neuropathic findings, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also found that IES took less time and was less invasive than nerve conduction studies. Our findings show that IES may be used for detection of small fibre neuropathy and may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2 diabetes are useful in evaluating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) severity. Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were measured in Japanese people with (n = 120) and without (n = 76) Type 2 diabetes by IES. Nerve conduction studies and other tests were performed to evaluate diabetic complications. Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values were high in people with diabetes compared with control subjects (Aδ fibre: 0.050 vs. 0.030 mA, P < 0.01; C fibre: 0.180 vs. 0.070 mA, P < 0.01). Participants with diabetes and neuropathy had significantly higher Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values than participants without neuropathy (Aδ fibres 0.063 vs. 0.039 mA, P < 0.01; C fibres 0.202 vs. 0.098 mA, P < 0.05). C fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in participants with diabetes and diabetic microvascular complications than in participants without complications. Threshold values increased with complication progression. When DPN was diagnosed according to the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria, the cut-off for the C fibre pain threshold values was 0.125 mA (area under the curve 0.758, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 61.5%). The IES test took less time (P < 0.01) and was less invasive (P < 0.01) than the nerve conduction studies. Intra-epidermal electrical stimulation is a non-invasive and easy measurement of small fibre pain threshold values. It may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by the Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria. |
| Author | Igata, M. Shimoda, S. Matsui, K. Nishikawa, T. Kawashima, J. Obayashi, K. Kukidome, D. Sato, M. Ando, Y. Araki, E. |
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Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G et al. The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain 2008; 131: 1912-1925. Smith AG, Rose K, Singleton JR. Idiopathic neuropathy patients are at high risk for metabolic syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273: 25-28. Breiner A, Lovblom LE, Perkins BA, Bril V. Does the prevailing hypothesis that small-fiber dysfunction precedes large-fiber dysfunction apply to type 1 diabetic patients? Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 1418-1424. Inui K, Kakigi R. Pain perception in humans: use of intraepidermal electrical stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83: 551-556. Inui K, Tran TD, Hoshiyama M, Kakigi R. Preferential stimulation of Adelta fibers by intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Pain 2002; 96: 247-252. Motogi J, Kodaira M, Muragaki Y, Inui K, Kakigi R. Cortical responses to C-fiber stimulation by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation: A MEG study. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570: 69-74. 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Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 2285-2293. Hoeijmakers JG, Faber CG, Lauria G, Merkies IS, Waxman SG. Small-fibre neuropathies-advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2012; 8: 369-379. Malik R, Veves A, Tesfaye S, Smith G, Cameron N, Zochodne D et al. Small fibre neuropathy: role in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 678-684. Otsuru N, Inui K, Yamashiro K. Selective stimulation of C fibers by an intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Open Pain J 2009; 2: 53-56. Papanas N, Ziegler D. New vistas in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Endocrine 2014; 47: 690-698. Costa LA, Canani LH, Lisbôa HR, Tres GS, Gross JL. 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| References_xml | – reference: Inui K, Tran TD, Hoshiyama M, Kakigi R. Preferential stimulation of Adelta fibers by intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Pain 2002; 96: 247-252. – reference: Otsuru N, Inui K, Yamashiro K. Selective stimulation of C fibers by an intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Open Pain J 2009; 2: 53-56. – reference: Maser RE, Steenkiste AR, Dorman JS, Nielsen VK, Bass EB, Manjoo Q et al. Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy. Report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes 1989; 38: 1456-1461. – reference: Van Acker K, Bouhassira D, De Bacquer D, Weiss S, Matthys K, Raemen H et al. Prevalence and impact on quality of life of peripheral neuropathy with or without neuropathic pain in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients attending hospital outpatients clinics. Diabetes Metab 2009; 35: 206-213. – reference: Singleton JR, Smith AG, Bromberg MB. Increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with painful sensory neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1448-1453. – reference: Dyck PJ, Karnes JL, Daube J, O'Brien P, Service FJ. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy. Brain 1985; 108: 861-880. – reference: Boulton AJ, Kirsner RS, Vileikyte L. Clinical practice. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 48-55. – reference: Tavee J, Zhou L. Small fiber neuropathy: A burning problem. Cleve Clin J Med 2009; 76: 297-305. – reference: Malik RA, Kallinikos P, Abbott CA, van Schie CH, Morgan P, Efron N et al. Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 683-688. – reference: Hoeijmakers JG, Faber CG, Lauria G, Merkies IS, Waxman SG. Small-fibre neuropathies-advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2012; 8: 369-379. – reference: The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Int 2010; 1: 2-20. – reference: Breiner A, Lovblom LE, Perkins BA, Bril V. Does the prevailing hypothesis that small-fiber dysfunction precedes large-fiber dysfunction apply to type 1 diabetic patients? Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 1418-1424. – reference: Inui K, Kakigi R. Pain perception in humans: use of intraepidermal electrical stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83: 551-556. – reference: Low VA, Sandroni P, Fealey RD, Low PA. Detection of small-fiber neuropathy by sudomotor testing. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34: 57-61. – reference: Malik R, Veves A, Tesfaye S, Smith G, Cameron N, Zochodne D et al. Small fibre neuropathy: role in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 678-684. – reference: Tesfaye S, Chaturvedi N, Eaton SE, Ward JD, Manes C, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C et al. EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 341-350. – reference: Costa LA, Canani LH, Lisbôa HR, Tres GS, Gross JL. Aggregation of features of the metabolic syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of chronic complications in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2004; 21: 252-255. – reference: Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group. Abbreviated diagnostic criteria for distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Peripheral Nerve 1998; 9: 140. [Article in Japanese.] – reference: Yasuda H, Sanada M, Kitada K, Terashima T, Kim H, Sakaue Y et al. Rationale and usefulness of newly devised abbreviated diagnostic criteria and staging for diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 77(Suppl. 1): S178-183. – reference: Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 2285-2293. – reference: Motogi J, Kodaira M, Muragaki Y, Inui K, Kakigi R. Cortical responses to C-fiber stimulation by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation: A MEG study. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570: 69-74. – reference: Smith AG, Rose K, Singleton JR. Idiopathic neuropathy patients are at high risk for metabolic syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273: 25-28. – reference: Papanas N, Ziegler D. New vistas in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Endocrine 2014; 47: 690-698. – reference: Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G et al. The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology. Brain 2008; 131: 1912-1925. – reference: Apelqvist J. Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot. Endocrine 2012; 41: 384-397. – reference: Kodaira M, Inui K, Kakigi R. Evaluation of nociceptive Aδ- and C-fiber dysfunction with lidocaine using intraepidermal electrical stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125: 1870-1877. – reference: Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. The inconsistency of "optimal" cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163: 670-675. – reference: Rosenberg ME, Tervo TM, Immonen IJ, Müller LJ, Grönhagen-Riska C, Vesaluoma MH. Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 2915-2921. – volume: 46 start-page: 683 year: 2003 end-page: 688 article-title: Corneal confocal microscopy: a non‐invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients publication-title: Diabetologia – volume: 131 start-page: 1912 year: 2008 end-page: 1925 article-title: The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology publication-title: Brain – volume: 35 start-page: 206 year: 2009 end-page: 213 article-title: Prevalence and impact on quality of life of peripheral neuropathy with or without neuropathic pain in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients attending hospital outpatients clinics publication-title: Diabetes Metab – volume: 37 start-page: 1418 year: 2014 end-page: 1424 article-title: Does the prevailing hypothesis that small‐fiber dysfunction precedes large‐fiber dysfunction apply to type 1 diabetic patients? publication-title: Diabetes Care – volume: 9 start-page: 140 year: 1998 article-title: Abbreviated diagnostic criteria for distal symmetric polyneuropathy publication-title: Peripheral Nerve – volume: 163 start-page: 670 year: 2006 end-page: 675 article-title: The inconsistency of “optimal” cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve publication-title: Am J Epidemiol – volume: 24 start-page: 1448 year: 2001 end-page: 1453 article-title: Increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with painful sensory neuropathy publication-title: Diabetes Care – volume: 352 start-page: 341 year: 2005 end-page: 350 article-title: EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 34 start-page: 57 year: 2006 end-page: 61 article-title: Detection of small‐fiber neuropathy by sudomotor testing publication-title: Muscle Nerve – volume: 83 start-page: 551 year: 2012 end-page: 556 article-title: Pain perception in humans: use of intraepidermal electrical stimulation publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry – start-page: 1 year: 1999 end-page: 59 – volume: 351 start-page: 48 year: 2004 end-page: 55 article-title: Clinical practice. Neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 570 start-page: 69 year: 2014 end-page: 74 article-title: Cortical responses to C‐fiber stimulation by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation: A MEG study publication-title: Neurosci Lett – volume: 27 start-page: 678 year: 2011 end-page: 684 article-title: Small fibre neuropathy: role in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy publication-title: Diabetes Metab Res Rev – volume: 38 start-page: 1456 year: 1989 end-page: 1461 article-title: Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy. Report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study publication-title: Diabetes – volume: 33 start-page: 2285 year: 2010 end-page: 2293 article-title: Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments publication-title: Diabetes Care – volume: 21 start-page: 252 year: 2004 end-page: 255 article-title: Aggregation of features of the metabolic syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of chronic complications in Type 2 diabetes publication-title: Diabet Med – volume: 2 start-page: 53 year: 2009 end-page: 56 article-title: Selective stimulation of C fibers by an intra‐epidermal needle electrode in humans publication-title: Open Pain J – volume: 47 start-page: 690 year: 2014 end-page: 698 article-title: New vistas in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy publication-title: Endocrine – start-page: 1413 year: 1997 end-page: 1446 – volume: 41 start-page: 2915 year: 2000 end-page: 2921 article-title: Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus publication-title: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci – volume: 108 start-page: 861 year: 1985 end-page: 880 article-title: Clinical and neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy publication-title: Brain – volume: 96 start-page: 247 year: 2002 end-page: 252 article-title: Preferential stimulation of Adelta fibers by intra‐epidermal needle electrode in humans publication-title: Pain – volume: 8 start-page: 369 year: 2012 end-page: 379 article-title: Small‐fibre neuropathies‐advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology and management publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol – volume: 1 start-page: 2 year: 2010 end-page: 20 article-title: Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus publication-title: Diabetol Int – volume: 41 start-page: 384 year: 2012 end-page: 397 article-title: Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot publication-title: Endocrine – volume: 76 start-page: 297 year: 2009 end-page: 305 article-title: Small fiber neuropathy: A burning problem publication-title: Cleve Clin J Med – volume: 273 start-page: 25 year: 2008 end-page: 28 article-title: Idiopathic neuropathy patients are at high risk for metabolic syndrome publication-title: J Neurol Sci – volume: 125 start-page: 1870 year: 2014 end-page: 1877 article-title: Evaluation of nociceptive Aδ‐ and C‐fiber dysfunction with lidocaine using intraepidermal electrical stimulation publication-title: Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 77 start-page: S178 issue: Suppl. 1 year: 2007 end-page: 183 article-title: Rationale and usefulness of newly devised abbreviated diagnostic criteria and staging for diabetic polyneuropathy publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract – ident: e_1_2_9_21_1 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj063 – ident: e_1_2_9_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_26_1 doi: 10.3949/ccjm.76a.08070 – ident: e_1_2_9_5_1 doi: 10.1007/s12020-012-9619-x – ident: e_1_2_9_6_1 doi: 10.1002/dmrr.1222 – ident: e_1_2_9_9_1 doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00453-5 – volume: 9 start-page: 140 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_9_17_1 article-title: Abbreviated diagnostic criteria for distal symmetric polyneuropathy publication-title: Peripheral Nerve – ident: e_1_2_9_10_1 doi: 10.2174/1876386300902010053 – ident: e_1_2_9_30_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.005 – ident: e_1_2_9_2_1 doi: 10.2337/diab.38.11.1456 – ident: e_1_2_9_25_1 doi: 10.1093/brain/awn093 – volume: 41 start-page: 2915 year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_9_22_1 article-title: Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus publication-title: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci – ident: e_1_2_9_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.11.004 – ident: e_1_2_9_8_1 doi: 10.1007/s12020-014-0285-z – ident: e_1_2_9_24_1 doi: 10.1002/mus.20551 – ident: e_1_2_9_28_1 doi: 10.1093/brain/108.4.861 – ident: e_1_2_9_12_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.001 – ident: e_1_2_9_23_1 doi: 10.1007/s00125-003-1086-8 – start-page: 1413 volume-title: International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_9_16_1 – ident: e_1_2_9_11_1 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301484 – ident: e_1_2_9_19_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032782 – ident: e_1_2_9_20_1 doi: 10.2337/dc10-1303 – ident: e_1_2_9_31_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01124.x – ident: e_1_2_9_7_1 doi: 10.2337/dc13-2005 – ident: e_1_2_9_15_1 doi: 10.1007/s13340-010-0006-7 – ident: e_1_2_9_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.053 – ident: e_1_2_9_29_1 doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1448 – ident: e_1_2_9_27_1 doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.97 – ident: e_1_2_9_4_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp032966 – ident: e_1_2_9_13_1 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.009 |
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| Snippet | Aim
To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2... We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly... To investigate whether Aδ and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type 2... Aim To investigate whether A[delta] and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without... Aim. To investigate whether Ad and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without Type... Aim To investigate whether A delta and C fibre pain threshold values, measured using intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES), in people with and without... |
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| SubjectTerms | Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetic Angiopathies - complications Diabetic Angiopathies - diagnosis Diabetic Angiopathies - metabolism Diabetic Angiopathies - physiopathology Diabetic Nephropathies - complications Diabetic Nephropathies - physiopathology Diabetic Neuropathies - complications Diabetic Neuropathies - diagnosis Diabetic Neuropathies - metabolism Diabetic Neuropathies - physiopathology Diabetic Retinopathy - complications Diabetic Retinopathy - physiopathology Dyslipidemias - complications Dyslipidemias - epidemiology Early Diagnosis Electric Stimulation - instrumentation Epidermis Erythromelalgia - complications Erythromelalgia - diagnosis Erythromelalgia - metabolism Erythromelalgia - physiopathology Female Humans Hypertension - complications Hypertension - epidemiology Japan - epidemiology Male Middle Aged Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated - metabolism Pain Threshold Point-of-Care Testing Polyneuropathies - complications Polyneuropathies - diagnosis Polyneuropathies - metabolism Polyneuropathies - physiopathology Prevalence Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index |
| Title | Measurement of small fibre pain threshold values for the early detection of diabetic polyneuropathy |
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