The new LUCID-2 detector for luminosity measurement and monitoring in ATLAS

• Published in: Journal of instrumentation Vol. 13; no. 7; p. P07017
• Main Authors: Avoni, G., Bruschi, M., Cabras, G., Caforio, D., Dehghanian, N., Floderus, A., Giacobbe, B., Giannuzzi, F., Giorgi, F., Grafström, P., Hedberg, V., Manghi, F. Lasagni, Meneghini, S., Pinfold, J., Richards, E., Sbarra, C., Cesari, N. Semprini, Sbrizzi, A., Soluk, R., Ucchielli, G., Valentinetti, S., Viazlo, O., Villa, M., Vittori, C., Vuillermet, R., Zoccoli, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 23.07.2018
• Subjects: Bismuth isotopes; Fysik; Large Hadron Collider; Luminosity; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap; Photomultiplier tubes; Physical Sciences; Proton beams; Redesign; Sensors; Subatomic Physics; Subatomär fysik
• ISSN: 1748-0221; 1748-0221
• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/13/07/P07017

The ATLAS luminosity monitor, LUCID (LUminosity Cherenkov Integrating Detector), had to be upgraded for the second run of the LHC accelerator that started in spring 2015. The increased energy of the proton beams and the higher luminosity required a redesign of LUCID to cope with the more demanding conditions. The novelty of the LUCID-2 detector is that it uses the thin quartz windows of photomultipliers as Cherenkov medium and a small amounts of radioactive 207Bi sources deposited on to these windows to monitor the gain stability of the photomultipliers. The result is a fast and accurate luminosity determination that can be kept stable during many months of data taking. LUCID-2 can also measure the luminosity accurately online for each of the up to 2808 colliding bunch pairs in the LHC . These bunch pairs are separated by only 25 ns and new electronics has been built that can count not only the number of pulses above threshold but also integrate the pulses.