Cigarette smoke-induced dysbiosis: comparative analysis of lung and intestinal microbiomes in COPD mice and patients

• Published in: Respiratory research Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 204 - 14
• Main Authors: Laiman, Vincent, Chuang, Hsiao-Chi, Lo, Yu-Chun, Yuan, Tzu-Hsuen, Chen, You-Yin, Heriyanto, Didik Setyo, Yuliani, Fara Silvia, Chung, Kian Fan, Chang, Jer-Hwa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 10.05.2024; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis; Animals; Biological response modifiers; Cigarette smoke; Comparative analysis; Complications and side effects; Dysbiosis; Emphysema; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Health aspects; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon; Interleukins; Intestine; Lung; Lung - microbiology; Lung diseases, Obstructive; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Medicine, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiome; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Middle Aged; Physiological aspects; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - microbiology; Risk factors; Smoke - adverse effects; Smoking; Indonesia; Inflammation; Intestine; Emphysema; Lung; Cigarette smoke; Microbiome
• ISSN: 1465-993X; 1465-9921; 1465-993X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02836-9

Background The impact of cigarette smoke (CS) on lung diseases and the role of microbiome dysbiosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been previously reported; however, the relationships remain unclear. Methods Our research examined the effects of 20-week cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the lung and intestinal microbiomes in C57BL/6JNarl mice, alongside a comparison with COPD patients’ intestinal microbiome data from a public dataset. Results The study found that CS exposure significantly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), thickened airway walls, and induced emphysema. Increased lung damage was observed along with higher lung keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) levels by CS exposure. Lung microbiome analysis revealed a rise in Actinobacteriota, while intestinal microbiome showed significant diversity changes, indicating dysbiosis. Principal coordinate analysis highlighted distinct intestinal microbiome compositions between control and CS-exposed groups. In the intestinal microbiome, notable decreases in Patescibacteria, Campilobacterota, Defferibacterota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfobacterota were observed. We also identified correlations between lung function and dysbiosis in both lung and intestinal microbiomes. Lung interleukins, interferon-ɣ, KC, and 8-isoprostane levels were linked to lung microbiome dysbiosis. Notably, dysbiosis patterns in CS-exposed mice were similar to those in COPD patients, particularly of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 4 patients. This suggests a systemic impact of CS exposure. Conclusion In summary, CS exposure induces significant dysbiosis in lung and intestinal microbiomes, correlating with lung function decline and injury. These results align with changes in COPD patients, underscoring the important role of microbiome in smoke-related lung diseases.