Study on molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus from yak milk-Xizang

• Published in: BMC microbiology Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 153 - 16
• Main Authors: Meng, Fanxing, Wu, Qingxia, Zeng, Jiangyong, Ma, Hongcai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 17.03.2025; BioMed Central Ltd; BMC
• Subjects: Animals; Anopheles; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Beta lactamases; Biofilms; Biofilms - growth & development; Biological Microscopy; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cattle; Composition; Contamination; Distribution; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Genes; Genetic aspects; Health aspects; Identification; Identification and classification; Life Sciences; MecA protein; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Milk; Milk - microbiology; Molecular typing; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mycology; Neomycin; Parasitology; Penicillin; Phenotypes; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Resistance gene; Risk factors; Spas; Staphylococcal infections; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections - veterinary; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus - classification; Staphylococcus - drug effects; Staphylococcus - genetics; Staphylococcus - isolation & purification; Staphylococcus infections; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Tissue typing; Veterinary medicine; Virology; Virulence; Virulence (Microbiology); Virulence Factors - genetics; Virulence gene; Yak milk; Yaks; β Lactamase; China; Shanghai China; Yak milk; Molecular typing; Resistance gene; Antibiotic resistance; Virulence gene; Staphylococcus
• ISSN: 1471-2180; 1471-2180
• DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-03868-x

This study investigated the biological characteristics of Staphylococcus strains isolated from Xizangan yak milk by examining the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of 69 isolates against 18 antibiotics, detecting 31 associated resistance genes, identifying 16 virulence genes, and assessing biofilm formation capability. Furthermore, molecular typing techniques including spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) were used for detailed characterization of the isolates. The findings revealed a high penicillin resistance rate of 72.46%. Resistance genes such as gyrA (100.00%), glrB (92.75%), and gyrB (44.93%) were prevalent. The detection rates were 81.16% and 55.07% for the beta-lactamase gene blaZ and the mecA gene, respectively. Among the tested virulence genes, lukS , lukF , hla , clfA , and icaD were detected in 40.58% of isolates, while sec was detected in 24.64%. MLST typing identified four isolates belonging to the ST62623 type and 24 other isolates representing novel ST types not reported on PubMLST.org. Spa typing revealed spa types t1940 ( n  = 9), t3022 ( n  = 8), t4558 ( n  = 6), t4236 ( n  = 3), t4445 ( n  = 1), and one unreported spa type. For SCCmec typing, 11 isolates were typed as SCCmec IVb and 9 as SCCmec V. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of Staphylococcus strains derived from Xizangan yak milk.