Dietary folate intake and metabolic syndrome in participants of PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 60; no. 2; pp. 1125 - 1136
• Main Authors: Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva-Maria, Vioque, Jesus, Toledo, Estefanía, Oncina-Canovas, Alejando, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Corella, Dolores, Fitó, Montserrat, Romaguera, Dora, Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M., Wärnberg, Julia, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Serra-Majem, Luís, Estruch, Ramon, Tinahones, Francisco J., Lapetra, José, Pintó, Xavier, Tur, Josep A., López-Miranda, José, Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora, Matía-Martín, Pilar, Daimiel, Lidia, Sánchez, Vicente Martín, Vidal, Josep, de Cos Blanco, Ana Isabel, Ros, Emili, Diez-Espino, Javier, Babio, Nancy, Fernandez-Carrion, Rebeca, Castañer, Olga, Colom, Antoni, Compañ-Gabucio, Laura, Lete, Itziar Salaverria, Crespo-Oliva, Edelys, Abete, Itziar, Tomaino, Laura, Casas, Rosa, Fernandez-Garcia, José Carlos, Santos-Lozano, José Manuel, Sarasa, Iziar, Gámez, José M., Garcia-Rios, José M. Antonio, Martín-Pelaez, Sandra, Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Díaz-López, Andrés, Martinez-Lacruz, Raul, Zomeño, Maria Dolors, Rayó, Elena, Sellés, Cristina Gisbert, Canudas, Silvia, Goday, Albert, García-de-la-Hera, Manoli
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Body mass index; Body weight; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cholesterol; Cross-sectional studies; Diabetes; diastolic blood pressure; Dietary intake; Fasting; Folic acid; food frequency questionnaires; Glucose; High density lipoprotein; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Laboratory testing; Mediterranean diet; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrition; obesity; Older people; Original Contribution; Overweight; Plasma; regression analysis; risk; systolic blood pressure; Triglycerides; Vitamin B; waist-to-height ratio; Metabolic syndrome score; Cardiometabolic risk; Diabetes; Folate; Cholesterol
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02364-4

Purpose We examined the association between dietary folate intake and a score of MetS (metabolic syndrome) and its components among older adults at higher cardiometabolic risk participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods A cross-sectional analysis with 6633 with overweight/obesity participants with MetS was conducted. Folate intake (per 100 mcg/day and in quintiles) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We calculated a MetS score using the standardized values as shown in the formula: [(body mass index + waist-to-height ratio)/2] + [(systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure)/2] + plasma fasting glucose–HDL cholesterol + plasma triglycerides. The MetS score as continuous variable and its seven components were the outcome variables. Multiple robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was performed to evaluate the association adjusting for potential confounders. Results We observed that an increase in energy-adjusted folate intake was associated with a reduction of MetS score ( β for 100 mcg/day = − 0.12; 95% CI: − 0.19 to − 0.05), and plasma fasting glucose ( β  = − 0.03; 95% CI: − 0.05 to − 0.02) independently of the adherence to Mediterranean diet and other potential confounders. We also found a positive association with HDL-cholesterol ( β  = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04–0.10). These associations were also observed when quintiles of energy-adjusted folate intake were used instead. Conclusion This study suggests that a higher folate intake may be associated with a lower MetS score in older adults, a lower plasma fasting glucose, and a greater HDL cholesterol in high-risk cardio-metabolic subjects.