Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation in RAW 264.7 Cells of Jatropha cordata Bark Extracts

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 3; p. 560
• Main Authors: Jiménez-Nevárez, Yazmín B., Angulo-Escalante, Miguel Angel, Montes-Avila, Julio, Guerrero-Alonso, Araceli, Christen, Judith González, Hurtado-Díaz, Israel, Heredia, J. Basilio, Quintana-Obregón, Eber Addí, Alvarez, Laura
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Alcohol; Aldehydes; Alkanes; anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-inflammatory agents; Aromatic compounds; Bark; Bioactive compounds; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Cell proliferation; Chemical compounds; chemical constituents of plants; Cytotoxicity; Damage; Endemic plants; Esters; Ethyl acetate; Fatty acids; Flavonoids; Gas chromatography; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; hexane; Hexanes; indigenous species; Inflammation; Jatropha cordata; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; methanol; Mexico; Nitric oxide; NMR; NO production inhibition; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pharmaceuticals; Phytochemicals; Phytosterols; Plant extracts; Qualitative analysis; Retention; Scientific imaging; Seeds; Side effects; Solvents; Steroids; Sterols; Terpenes; therapeutics; Tocopherol; Toxicity; viability; Vitamin E; Mexico; NMR; NO production inhibition; Jatropha cordata; terpenes; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; anti-inflammatory activity
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants12030560

The inflammatory process, although beneficial, can produce tissue damage and systemic damage when uncontrolled. Effective therapeutic alternatives with little or no side effects are of great therapeutic interest. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition of bark extracts from J. cordata, an endemic plant from México, and evaluate their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were characterized by qualitative phytochemical tests, and their bioactive groups were identified by 1H NMR and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extract’s anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated as nitric oxide (NO) production and their cytotoxicity by an MTS cell proliferation assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of 1–100 μg/mL. The hexane extract contained fatty acids, fatty esters, phytosterols, alkanes, vitamin E, and terpenoids; the ethyl acetate extract showed fatty acids, fatty esters, aromatic aldehyde, phytosterols, vitamin E, and terpenoids, while the methanolic extract showed fatty esters, fatty acid, aromatics aldehydes, and alcohol. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibition of NO production, followed by the methanolic extract and the hexane extract, without affecting the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results suggest that J. cordata extracts are a potential source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential.