Testosterone reactivity to facial display of emotions in men and women

• Published in: Hormones and behavior Vol. 65; no. 5; pp. 461 - 468
• Main Authors: Zilioli, Samuele, Caldbick, Evan, Watson, Neil V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.05.2014; Elsevier; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Adolescent; Affect; Anger; Behavioral psychophysiology; Biological and medical sciences; Challenge hypothesis; Cues; Emotional reactivity; Emotions; Emotions - physiology; Facial Expression; Facial expressions; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gender differences; Happiness; Hormones and behavior; Humans; Information processing; Male; Nonverbal communication; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Saliva - metabolism; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Testosterone; Testosterone - metabolism; Testosterone - physiology; Young Adult; Testosterone; Sex differences; Emotional reactivity; Facial expressions; Challenge hypothesis; Human; Affect affectivity; Emotional expression; Androgen; Sex; Male; Emotion emotionality; Reactivity; Female; Testicular hormone; Sex steroid hormone; Face; Woman; Facial expression
• ISSN: 0018-506X; 1095-6867; 1095-6867
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.04.006

Previous studies have examined testosterone's role in regulating the processing of facial displays of emotions (FDEs). However, the reciprocal process – the influence of FDEs, an evolutionarily ancient and potent class of social signals, on the secretion of testosterone – has not yet been studied. To address this gap, we examined the effects of emotional content and sex of facial stimuli in modulating endogenous testosterone fluctuations, as well as sex differences in the endocrine responses to faces. One hundred and sixty-four young healthy men and women were exposed, in a between-subjects design, to happy or angry same-sex or opposite-sex facial expressions. Results showed that in both men (n=85) and women (n=79), extended exposure to faces of the opposite sex, regardless of their apparent emotional content, was accompanied by an accumulation in salivary testosterone when compared to exposure to faces of the same sex. Furthermore, testosterone change in women exposed to angry expressions was greater than testosterone change in women exposed to happy expressions. These results add emotional facial stimuli to the collection of social signals that modulate endocrine status, and are discussed with regard to the evolutionary roles of testosterone. •We examined whether exposure to facial expressions affects testosterone secretion.•Testosterone percentage change was higher in men watching female faces compared to men watching male faces.•Testosterone percentage change was higher in women watching male faces compared to women watching female faces.•Testosterone percentage change was higher in women watching angry faces compared to women watching happy faces.