Effects of 1,5-anhydroglucitol on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels and hydrogen excretion in rats and healthy humans

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 118; no. 2; pp. 81 - 91
• Main Authors: Nakamura, Sadako, Tanabe, Kenichi, Yoshinaga, Kazuhiro, Shimura, Fumio, Oku, Tsuneyuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 28.07.2017
• Subjects: Adult; alpha-glucosidase; alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; beta-galactosidase; Bioavailability; Blood; Blood glucose; Blood Glucose - analysis; blood serum; Deoxyglucose - pharmacokinetics; Deoxyglucose - pharmacology; Diabetes; Diet; Dietary fiber; Disaccharidases - antagonists & inhibitors; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Excretion; Experiments; Female; Food; Glucose; Glucose - administration & dosage; Glucose - pharmacokinetics; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Health care; Human subjects; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen - urine; Ingestion; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small - enzymology; Laboratory animals; Lactase; Laxatives; Male; Metabolism; Metabolism and Metabolic Studies; metabolizable energy; Nutrition research; Oral administration; Physiology; Postprandial Period; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rodents; Small intestine; Sorbose; Sucrase - antagonists & inhibitors; Sucrose; Sucrose - administration & dosage; sucrose alpha-glucosidase; Sugar; trehalase; Urine; 1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol; 1,5-Anhydroglucitol; Disaccharidase; Postprandial blood glucose; Hydrogen excretion; FOS fructo-oligosaccharide; 5-Anhydro-d-glucitol; 1; BBMV brush border membrane vesicles; 5-AG 1; 5-AF 1; 5-Anhydroglucitol; 5-anhydro-d-fructose
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517001866

The inhibition by 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) was determined on disaccharidases of rats and humans. Then, the metabolism and fate of 1,5-AG was investigated in rats and humans. Although 1,5-AG inhibited about 50 % of sucrase activity in rat small intestine, the inhibition was less than half of d-sorbose. 1,5-AG strongly inhibited trehalase and lactase, whereas d-sorbose inhibited them very weakly. 1,5-AG noncompetitively inhibited sucrase. The inhibition of 1,5-AG on sucrase and maltase was similar between humans and rats. 1,5-AG in serum increased 30 min after oral administration of 1,5-AG (600 mg) in rats, and mostly 100 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine 24 h after administration. 1,5-AG in serum showed a peak 30 min after ingestion of 1,5-AG (20 g) by healthy subjects, and decreased gradually over 180 min. About 60 % of 1,5-AG was excreted into the urine for 9 h following ingestion. Hydrogen was scarcely excreted in both rats and humans 24 h after administration of 1,5-AG. Furthermore, 1,5-AG significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation, and hydrogen excretion was increased following the simultaneous ingestion of sucrose and 1,5-AG in healthy subjects. 1,5-AG also significantly suppressed the blood glucose elevation following the simultaneous ingestion of glucose and 1,5-AG; however, hydrogen excretion was negligible. The available energy of 1,5-AG, which is absorbed readily from the small intestine and excreted quickly into the urine, is 0 kJ/g (0 kcal/g). Furthermore, 1,5-AG might suppress the blood glucose elevation through the inhibition of sucrase, as well as intestinal glucose absorption.