Estimating infectiousness throughout SARS-CoV-2 infection course

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 373; no. 6551
• Main Authors: Jones, Terry C, Biele, Guido, Mühlemann, Barbara, Veith, Talitha, Schneider, Julia, Beheim-Schwarzbach, Jörn, Bleicker, Tobias, Tesch, Julia, Schmidt, Marie Luisa, Sander, Leif Erik, Kurth, Florian, Menzel, Peter, Schwarzer, Rolf, Zuchowski, Marta, Hofmann, Jörg, Krumbholz, Andi, Stein, Angela, Edelmann, Anke, Corman, Victor Max, Drosten, Christian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 09.07.2021
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asymptomatic Infections; Caco-2 Cells; Child; Child, Preschool; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - transmission; COVID-19 - virology; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing; Female; Germany; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Probability; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity; SARS-CoV-2 - physiology; Viral Load; Virus Replication; Virus Shedding; Young Adult; Germany
• ISSN: 1095-9203; 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.abi5273

Two elementary parameters for quantifying viral infection and shedding are viral load and whether samples yield a replicating virus isolate in cell culture. We examined 25,381 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Germany, including 6110 from test centers attended by presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and mildly symptomatic (PAMS) subjects, 9519 who were hospitalized, and 1533 B.1.1.7 lineage infections. The viral load of the youngest subjects was lower than that of the older subjects by 0.5 (or fewer) log units, and they displayed an estimated ~78% of the peak cell culture replication probability; in part this was due to smaller swab sizes and unlikely to be clinically relevant. Viral loads above 10 copies per swab were found in 8% of subjects, one-third of whom were PAMS, with a mean age of 37.6 years. We estimate 4.3 days from onset of shedding to peak viral load (10 RNA copies per swab) and peak cell culture isolation probability (0.75). B.1.1.7 subjects had mean log viral load 1.05 higher than that of non-B.1.1.7 subjects, and the estimated cell culture replication probability of B.1.1.7 subjects was higher by a factor of 2.6.