Will reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption reduce obesity? Evidence supporting conjecture is strong, but evidence when testing effect is weak

Summary We provide arguments to the debate question and update a previous meta‐analysis with recently published studies on effects of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) on body weight/composition indices (BWIs). We ed data from randomized controlled trials examining effects of consumption of SSBs on B...

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Published inObesity reviews Vol. 14; no. 8; pp. 620 - 633
Main Authors Kaiser, K. A., Shikany, J. M., Keating, K. D., Allison, D. B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2013
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
Beverages
Body weight
Dietary Sucrose - adverse effects
Energy Intake - physiology
Humans
Obesity
randomized controlled trials
soft drinks
Sugar
weight loss
weight loss
Obesity
randomized controlled trials
soft drinks
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1467-7881
1467-789X
1467-789X
DOI10.1111/obr.12048

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Summary:Summary We provide arguments to the debate question and update a previous meta‐analysis with recently published studies on effects of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) on body weight/composition indices (BWIs). We ed data from randomized controlled trials examining effects of consumption of SSBs on BWIs. Six new studies met these criteria: (i) human trials, (ii) ≥ 3 weeks duration, (iii) random assignment to conditions differing only in consumption of SSBs and (iv) including a BWI outcome. Updated meta‐analysis of a total of seven studies that added SSBs to persons’ diets showed dose‐dependent increases in weight. Updated meta‐analysis of eight studies attempting to reduce SSB consumption showed an equivocal effect on BWIs in all randomized subjects. When limited to subjects overweight at baseline, meta‐analysis showed a significant effect of roughly 0.25 standard deviations (more weight loss/less weight gain) relative to controls. Evidence to date is equivocal in showing that decreasing SSB consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity. Although new evidence suggests that an effect may yet be demonstrable in some populations, the integrated effect size estimate remains very small and of equivocal statistical significance. Problems in this research area and suggestions for future research are highlighted.
Bibliography:istex:6289335C59C67A8F5B8EED0045EBE516FFEED365
NIH - No. P30DK056336
ark:/67375/WNG-HMPQ6BZL-7
ArticleID:OBR12048
Figure S1. Study screening and selection process of new studies added since the original meta-analysis (21)Figure S2. Methodological quality summary; review authors' judgments about each methodological quality item for each included study (1-6,20,25-32)Figure S3. Funnel plot of published studies of added sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (3,4,6,27,30,32)Figure S4. Funnel plot of published studies on reduced sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in subjects of all weight categories (1,2,5,20,26,28,31)Figure S5. Funnel plot of published studies of reduced sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in subjects overweight/obese at baseline (2,5,20,26,31)Table S1. Unstandardized effect sizes of new studies assessing the effects of adding mandatory SSB consumption to persons dietsTable S2. Standardized effect sizes from new studies assessing the effect of attempting to get people to reduce or eliminate SSB consumption on body composition/adiposity indicatorsTable S3. Standardized effect sizes from new studies assessing the effect of attempting to get people to reduce or eliminate SSB consumption on body mass index (BMI) only for subjects overweight/obese at baseline or above the top of tertile of baseline BMIAppendix S1. Updated literature review, selection and data extraction methods
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ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/obr.12048