CORDIC-Based General Multiple Fading Generator for Wireless Channel Digital Twin

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 5; p. 2712
• Main Authors: Fang, Chen, Mao, Kai, Fang, Sheng, Zhao, Zikun, Hua, Boyu, Liu, Tao, Zhu, Qiuming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analysis; channel digital twin; channel fading generator; CORDIC; Digital integrated circuits; Digital twins; Fading channels; Field programmable gate arrays; Frequency modulation; Liu, Timothy; MIMO communications; Performance evaluation; Satellite communications; Software; statistical properties; Stochastic models; Wireless communications; channel fading generator; CORDIC; statistical properties; channel digital twin
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23052712

A wireless channel digital twin is a useful tool to evaluate the performance of a communication system at the physical or link level by generating the physical channel controllably. In this paper, a stochastic general fading channel model is proposed, which considered most of the channel fading types for various communication scenarios. By using the sum-of-frequency-modulation (SoFM) method, the phase discontinuity of the generated channel fading was well addressed. On this basis, a general and flexible generation architecture for channel fading was developed on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. In this architecture, improved CORDIC-based hardware circuits for the trigonometric function, exponential function, and natural logarithm were designed and implemented, which improved the real-time performance of the system and the utilization rate of the hardware resources compared with the traditional LUT and CORDIC method. For a 16-bit fixed-point data bit width single-channel emulation, the hardware resource consumption was significantly reduced from 36.56% to 15.62% for the overall system by utilizing the compact time-division (TD) structure. Moreover, the classical CORDIC method brought an extra latency of 16 system clock cycles, while the latency caused by the improved CORDIC method was decreased by 62.5%. Finally, a generation scheme of a correlated Gaussian sequence was developed to introduce a controllable arbitrary space–time correlation for the channel generator with multiple channels. The output results of the developed generator were consistent with the theoretical results, which verified the correctness of both the generation method and hardware implementation. The proposed channel fading generator can be applied for the emulation of large-scale multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) channels under various dynamic communication scenarios.