Novel findings on the role of signal exchange in arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses

• Published in: Mycorrhiza Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 243 - 252
• Main Authors: Raudaskoski, Marjatta, Kothe, Erika
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; auxins; Biological analysis; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Ecology; ectomycorrhizae; ethylene production; Forestry; host plants; Life Sciences; Microbiology; Mycorrhizae - physiology; mycorrhizal fungi; nucleotide sequences; Plant Sciences; Plants - metabolism; Plants - microbiology; receptors; Review; Root Nodules, Plant - metabolism; Root Nodules, Plant - microbiology; Signal Transduction; Symbiosis; Ectomycorrhiza; Signaling molecules; Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Effectors
• ISSN: 0940-6360; 1432-1890; 1432-1890
• DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0607-2

The availability of genome sequences from both arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi and their hosts has, together with elegant biochemical and molecular biological analyses, provided new information on signal exchange between the partners in mycorrhizal associations. The progress in understanding cellular processes has been more rapid in arbuscular than ectomycorrhizal symbiosis due to its similarities of early processes with Rhizobium -legume symbiosis. In ectomycorrhiza, the role of auxin and ethylene produced by both fungus and host plant is becoming understood at the molecular level, although the actual ligands and receptors leading to ectomycorrhizal symbiosis have not yet been discovered. For both systems, the functions of small effector proteins secreted from the respective fungus and taken up into the plant cell may be pivotal in understanding the attenuation of host defense. We review the subject by comparing cross-talk between fungal and plant partners during formation and establishment of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal symbioses.