Real-Time Foot Tracking and Gait Evaluation with Geometric Modeling

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 22; no. 4; p. 1661
• Main Authors: Foo, Ming Jeat, Chang, Jen-Shuan, Ang, Wei Tech
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.02.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analysis; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cameras; depth camera; Foot; Gait; Gait Analysis; gait evaluation; human motion; Humans; Laboratories; Localization; Lower Extremity; modeling; Motion capture; Neural networks; object tracking; Older people; Optimization; Rehabilitation; RGB-D camera; Sensors; Walking; object tracking; modeling; depth camera; RGB-D camera; human motion; gait evaluation
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s22041661

Gait evaluation is important in gait rehabilitation and assistance to monitor patient’s balance status and assess recovery performance. Recent technologies leverage on vision-based systems with high portability and low operational complexity. In this paper, we propose a new vision-based foot tracking algorithm specially catering to overground gait assistive devices, which often have limited view of the users. The algorithm models the foot and the shank of the user using simple geometry. Through cost optimization, it then aligns the models to the point cloud, showing the back view of the user’s lower limbs. The system outputs the poses of the feet, which are used to compute the spatial-temporal gait parameters. Seven healthy young subjects are recruited to perform overground and treadmill walking trials. The results of the algorithm are compared with the motion capture system and a third-party gait analysis software. The algorithm has a fitting rotational and translational errors of less than 20 degrees and 33 mm, respectively, for 0.4 m/s walking speed. The gait detection F1 score achieves more than 96.8%. The step length and step width errors are around 35 mm, while the cycle time error is less than 38 ms. The proposed algorithm provides a fast, contactless, portable, and cost-effective gait evaluation method without requiring the user to wear any customized footwear.