Osteoporosis and Celiac Disease: Updates and Hidden Pitfalls

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1089
• Main Authors: Lungaro, Lisa, Manza, Francesca, Costanzini, Anna, Barbalinardo, Marianna, Gentili, Denis, Caputo, Fabio, Guarino, Matteo, Zoli, Giorgio, Volta, Umberto, De Giorgio, Roberto, Caio, Giacomo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Biopsy; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; bone health; Care and treatment; Celiac disease; Celiac Disease - complications; Complications and side effects; Development and progression; diarrhea; endocrine system; gastrointestinal system; Gluten; Glutens - adverse effects; Hormones; ingestion; intestinal microorganisms; Microbiota; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - etiology; pain; Pediatrics; Permeability; Review; Risk factors; Serology; Vitamin D; Italy; osteopenia; bone mineral density; sex-related differences; management of osteoporosis; celiac disease; osteoporosis; bone–gut axis
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15051089

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. In addition to the typical gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, bloating, and chronic abdominal pain), CD may also present with a broad spectrum of manifestations, including low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The etiopathology of bone lesions in CD is multifactorial and other conditions, rather than mineral and vitamin D malabsorption, may affect skeletal health, especially those related to the endocrine system. Here, we describe CD-induced osteoporosis in an attempt to enlighten new and less-known aspects, such as the influence of the intestinal microbiome and sex-related differences on bone health. This review describes the role of CD in the development of skeletal alterations to provide physicians with an updated overview on this debated topic and to improve the management of osteoporosis in CD.