Consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer

• Published in: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 1537 - 1545
• Main Authors: Romaguera, Dora, Fernández-Barrés, Sílvia, Gracia-Lavedán, Esther, Vendrell, Eva, Azpiri, Mikel, Ruiz-Moreno, Emma, Martín, Vicente, Gómez-Acebo, Inés, Obón, Mireia, Molinuevo, Amaia, Fresán, Ujué, Molina-Barceló, Ana, Olmedo-Requena, Rocío, Tardón, Adonina, Alguacil, Juan, Solans, Marta, Huerta, Jose M., Ruiz-Dominguez, José Manuel, Aragonés, Nuria, Fernández-Villa, Tania, Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad, Moreno, Victor, Guevara, Marcela, Vanaclocha-Espi, Mercedes, Lozano-Lorca, Macarena, Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz, Molina, Antonio J., Llorca, Javier, Gil, Leire, Castilla, Jesús, Pollán, Marina, Kogevinas, Manolis, Amiano, Pilar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2021
• Subjects: age; Breast cancer; breasts; case-control studies; Case-control study; classification; clinical nutrition; Colorectal cancer; colorectal neoplasms; food frequency questionnaires; food intake; food policy; Prostate cancer; prostatic neoplasms; public health; regression analysis; risk; Ultra-processed foods and drinks; Ultra-processed foods and drinks; PR; ICD-10; OR; CI; Colorectal cancer; Case-control study; Breast cancer; HR; HRT; ER; FFQ; SD; GAM; OC; NSAIDs; TN; HER2; MCC-Spain; Prostate cancer
• ISSN: 0261-5614; 1532-1983; 1532-1983
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.033

To study whether the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks is associated with breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Multicentric population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain) conducted in 12 Spanish provinces. Participants were men and women between 20 and 85 years of age with diagnoses of colorectal (n = 1852), breast (n = 1486), or prostate cancer (n = 953), and population-based controls (n = 3543) frequency-matched by age, sex, and region. Dietary intake was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Foods and drinks were categorized according to their degree of processing based on the NOVA classification. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food and drink consumption and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. In multiple adjusted models, consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (OR for a 10% increase in consumption: 1.11; 95% CI 1.04–1.18). The corresponding odds for breast (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.96–1.11) and prostate cancer (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.93–1.12) were indicative of no association. Results of this large population-based case-control study suggest an association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks and colorectal cancer. Food policy and public health should include a focus on food processing when formulating dietary guidelines.