Dementia in health claims data: The influence of different case definitions on incidence and prevalence estimates

• Published in: International journal of methods in psychiatric research Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. e1947 - n/a
• Main Authors: Riedel, Oliver, Braitmaier, Malte, Langner, Ingo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Age; Algorithms; Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis; Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology; Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Dementia, Vascular - diagnosis; Dementia, Vascular - epidemiology; Epidemiology; health claims data; Humans; Incidence; Laboratories; Neurodegenerative diseases; Original; Population; Prevalence; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; Vascular dementia; Germany; epidemiology; dementia; Alzheimer's disease; health claims data; vascular dementia
• ISSN: 1049-8931; 1557-0657; 1234-988X; 1557-0657
• DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1947

Objectives The epidemiology of dementia subtypes including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) and their reliance on different case definitions (“algorithms”) in health claims data are still understudied. Methods Based on health claims data, prevalence estimates (per 100 persons), incidence rates (IRs, per 100 person‐years), and proportions of AD, VD, and other dementias (oD) were calculated. Five algorithms of increasing strictness considered inpatient/outpatient diagnoses (#1, #2), antidementia drugs (#3) or supportive diagnostics (#4, #5). Results Algorithm 1 detected 213,409 cases (#2: 197,400; #3: 48,688; #4: 3033; #5: 3105), a prevalence for any dementia of 3.44 and an IR of 1.39 (AD: 0.80/0.21, VD: 0.79/0.31). The prevalence decreased by algorithms for any dementia (#2: 3.19; #3: 0.75; #4: 0.04; #5: 0.05) as did IRs (#2: 1.13; #3: 0.18; #4: 0.05, #5: 0.05). Algorithms 1–2, and 4–5 revealed similar proportions of AD (23.3%–26.6%), VD (19.9%–23.2%), and oD (53.1%–53.8%), algorithm 3 estimated 45% (AD), 12.1% (VD), and 43.0% (oD). Conclusions Health claims data show lower estimates of AD than previously reported, due to markedly lower prevalent/incident proportions of patients with corresponding codes. Using medication in defining dementia potentially improves estimating the proportion of AD while supportive diagnostics were of limited use.