Artificial grammar learning in zebra finches and human adults: XYX versus XXY

• Published in: Animal cognition Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 151 - 164
• Main Authors: Chen, Jiani, van Rossum, Danielle, ten Cate, Carel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Animal cognition; Animals; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Birds; Discrimination Learning; Female; Finches; Generalization (Psychology); Human subjects; Humans; Language; Learning; Life Sciences; Male; Original Paper; Psycholinguistics; Psychology Research; Syntax; Taeniopygia guttata; Training; Vocalization, Animal; Young Adult; Zoology; Human adult; Rule learning; Syntax; Artificial grammar learning; Language evolution; Songbird
• ISSN: 1435-9448; 1435-9456; 1435-9456
• DOI: 10.1007/s10071-014-0786-4

ing syntactic rules is critical to human language learning. It is debated whether this ability, already present in young infants, is human- and language specific or can also be found in non-human animals, indicating it may arise from more general cognitive mechanisms. Current studies are often ambiguous and few have directly compared rule learning by humans and non-human animals. In a series of discrimination experiments, we presented zebra finches and human adults with comparable training and tests with the same artificial stimuli consisting of XYX and XXY structures, in which X and Y were zebra finch song elements. Zebra finches readily discriminated the training stimuli. Some birds also discriminated novel stimuli when these were composed of familiar element types, but none of the birds generalized the discrimination to novel element types. We conclude that zebra finches show evidence of simple rule abstraction related to positional learning, suggesting stimulus-bound generalization, but found no evidence for a more abstract rule generalization. This differed from the human adults, who categorized novel stimuli consisting of novel element types into different groups according to their structure. The limited abilities for rule abstraction in zebra finches may indicate what the precursors of more complex abstraction as found in humans may have been like.