Osteolysis: A Literature Review of Basic Science and Potential Computer-Based Image Processing Detection Methods

• Published in: Computational intelligence and neuroscience Vol. 2021; no. 1; p. 4196241
• Main Authors: Saadi, Soroush Baseri, Ranjbarzadeh, Ramin, Ozeir kazemi, Amirabadi, Amir, Ghoushchi, Saeid Jafarzadeh, Kazemi, Oveis, Azadikhah, Sonya, Bendechache, Malika
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 2021; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural networks; Biomedical materials; Bone resorption; Bones; Cable television broadcasting industry; Cell activation; Computed tomography; Computers; Corrosion products; Corrosive wear; Critical point; Cytokines; Data mining; Deep learning; Disease; Humans; Image processing; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Image segmentation; Implants, Artificial; Inflammation; Joint surgery; Learning algorithms; Literature reviews; Machine learning; Macrophages; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mediation; Medical imaging; Medical imaging equipment; Medical research; Neural networks; Orthopedics; Osteolysis; Osteolysis - diagnostic imaging; Particulate matter; Polyethylene; Polyethylenes; Prostheses; Prosthesis; Prosthesis Failure; Review; Revisions; Surgery; Transplants & implants; Tumors; Wear particles; Iran; United States
• ISSN: 1687-5265; 1687-5273; 1687-5273
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/4196241

Osteolysis is one of the most prominent reasons of revision surgeries in total joint arthroplasty. This biological phenomenon is induced by wear particles and corrosion products that stimulate inflammatory biological response of surrounding tissues. The eventual responses of osteolysis are the activation of macrophages leading to bone resorption and prosthesis failure. Various factors are involved in the initiation of osteolysis from biological issues, design, material specifications, and model of the prosthesis to the health condition of the patient. Nevertheless, the factors leading to osteolysis are sometimes preventable. Changes in implant design and polyethylene manufacturing are striving to improve overall wear. Osteolysis is clinically asymptomatic and can be diagnosed and analyzed during follow-up sessions through various imaging modalities and methods, such as serial radiographic, CT scan, MRI, and image processing-based methods, especially with the use of artificial neural network algorithms. Deep learning algorithms with a variety of neural network structures such as CNN, U-Net, and Seg-UNet have proved to be efficient algorithms for medical image processing specifically in the field of orthopedics for the detection and segmentation of tumors. These deep learning algorithms can effectively detect and analyze osteolytic lesions well in advance during follow-up sessions in order to administer proper treatments before reaching a critical point. Osteolysis can be treated surgically or nonsurgically with medications. However, revision surgeries are the only solution for the progressive osteolysis. In this literature review, the underlying causes, mechanisms, and treatments of osteolysis are discussed with the main focus on the possible computer-based methods and algorithms that can be effectively employed for the detection of osteolysis.