A highly selective and sensitive ultrasonic assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent for determination of cadmium in food and water samples prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 253; pp. 277 - 283
• Main Authors: Zounr, Rizwan Ali, Tuzen, Mustafa, Deligonul, Nihal, Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2018
• Subjects: atomic absorption spectrometry; beverages; Cadmium; Deep eutectic solvents; detection limit; Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; liquid-phase microextraction; Microextraction; solvents; statistical analysis; tetrahydrofuran; ultrasonic treatment; ultrasonics; Water and Food samples; Microextraction; Cadmium; Deep eutectic solvents; Water and Food samples; Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.167

•Simple, rapid and green ultrasound assisted liquid phase microextraction method was developed.•Non toxic deep eutectic solvents were used for extraction.•Very low limit of detection, low RSD and short extraction time were observed.•The developed method was applied to the food and water samples.•The developed method was sensitive and highly selective for Cd ions. A simple, fast, green, sensitive and selective ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent liquid-phase microextraction technique was used for preconcentration and extraction of cadmium (Cd) in water and food samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). In this technique, a synthesized reagent (Z)-N-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-imine (Azo) was used as a complexing agent for Cd. The main factors effecting the pre-concentration and extraction of Cd such as effect of pH, type and composition of deep eutectic solvent (DES), volume of DES, volume of complexing agent, volume of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ultrasonication time have been examined in detail. At optimum conditions the value of pH and molar ratio of DES were found to be 6.0 and 1:4 (ChCl:Ph), respectively. The detection limit (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), relative standard deviation (RSD) and preconcentration factor (PF) were observed as 0.023 ng L−1, 0.161 ng L−1, 3.1% and 100, correspondingly. Validation of the developed technique was observed by extraction of Cd in certified reference materials (CRMs) and observed results were successfully compared with certified values. The developed procedure was practiced to various food, beverage and water samples.