RNA editing and immune control: from mechanism to therapy

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2, stands as a pervasive RNA modification. A primary function of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing lies in labeling endogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) as ‘self’, thereby averting their potential to activate innate immune respons...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCurrent opinion in genetics & development Vol. 86; p. 102195
Main Authors Hu, Shi-Bin, Li, Jin Billy
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2024
Subjects
Adenosine Deaminase - genetics
Adenosine Deaminase - metabolism
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
RNA Editing
RNA, Double-Stranded - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0959-437X
1879-0380
1879-0380
DOI10.1016/j.gde.2024.102195

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Summary:Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2, stands as a pervasive RNA modification. A primary function of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing lies in labeling endogenous double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) as ‘self’, thereby averting their potential to activate innate immune responses. Recent findings have highlighted additional roles of ADAR1, independent of RNA editing, that are crucial for immune control. Here, we focus on recent progress in understanding ADAR1’s RNA editing–dependent and –independent roles in immune control. We describe how ADAR1 regulates various dsRNA innate immune receptors through distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of ADAR1 and RNA editing in diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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ISSN:0959-437X
1879-0380
1879-0380
DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102195