Periodontal disease in gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus pregnant women

• Published in: Oral diseases Vol. 17; no. 5; pp. 515 - 521
• Main Authors: Ruiz, DR, Romito, GA, Dib, SA
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2011; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Age Factors; Blood Glucose - analysis; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Cohort Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications; Diabetes, Gestational - diet therapy; Diabetes, Gestational - drug therapy; Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; gestational diabetes; Gingival Hemorrhage - classification; Gingival Recession - classification; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Insulin - therapeutic use; Oral hygiene; Periodontal Attachment Loss - classification; periodontal disease; Periodontal Diseases - classification; Periodontal Diseases - complications; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket - classification; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - classification; Pregnancy in Diabetics - drug therapy; Single-Blind Method; Tooth Mobility - classification; type 1 diabetes; Womens health; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01805.x

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 515–521 Objective:  The present study evaluated the relationship between periodontal disease and its clinical variables in Brazilian non‐diabetic pregnant women (C), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Subjects and methods:  A periodontal exam was performed in one hundred and sixty‐one pregnant women (GDM:80; T1DM:31; C:50) by a single‐blinded calibrated examiner who recorded plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), gingival margin location (GM), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and tooth mobility index (MI). The medical variables were age, pregestational body mass index (pre‐BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results:  The GI, GM, PD, CAL, BOP, and MI were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among GDM and T1DM than for C. The PI was higher in GDM and similar between C and T1DM. The Adjusted Final Model for medical variables to evaluate the effects of groups on periodontal parameters confirmed these results. Conclusions:  The presence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in Brazilian diabetic pregnancies (GDM and T1DM) when compared to non‐diabetic pregnant women (C). The degree of periodontal disease was similar between the GDM and T1DM groups. Age, pregestational BMI, and HbA1c were factors related to CAL development in these two types of diabetes mellitus.