Effects of Different Mixing Agents on the Stability of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (STS) Foam: An Experimental Study

Purpose To evaluate the effect of air, CO 2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Materials and Methods Three types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO 2 -foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tu...

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Published in	CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology Vol. 41; no. 12; pp. 1952 - 1957
Main Authors	Hashimoto, Kazuki, Uchida, Barry, Horikawa, Masahiro, Mimura, Hidefumi, Farsad, Khashayar
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	New York Springer Science and Business Media LLC 01.12.2018 Springer US Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Air Blood substitutes CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon Dioxide - chemistry Cardiology Contrast Media Contrast Media - chemistry FOAMS Humans Imaging IN VITRO In Vitro Techniques INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Iohexol Iohexol - chemistry Laboratory Investigation Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nuclear Medicine Radiology Sclerosing Solutions Sclerosing Solutions - chemistry Sclerotherapy Sodium SODIUM SULFATES Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate - chemistry Ultrasound Viscoelastic Substances Lower extremity varix Polidocanol Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) Sotradecol Venous malformation Foam sclerotherapy Fibro-vein
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ISSN	0174-1551 1432-086X 1432-086X
DOI	10.1007/s00270-018-2049-2

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Abstract	Purpose To evaluate the effect of air, CO 2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Materials and Methods Three types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO 2 -foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT. Results Contrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO 2 -foam, respectively ( P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO 2 -foam ( P = 0.0167). Conclusion A mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO 2 . Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result.
AbstractList	PurposeTo evaluate the effect of air, CO{sub 2} and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.Materials and MethodsThree types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO{sub 2}-foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT.ResultsContrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO{sub 2}-foam, respectively (P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO{sub 2}-foam (P = 0.0167).ConclusionA mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO{sub 2}. Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result. To evaluate the effect of air, CO and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Three types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO -foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT. Contrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO -foam, respectively (P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO -foam (P = 0.0167). A mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO . Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result. To evaluate the effect of air, CO2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.PURPOSETo evaluate the effect of air, CO2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.Three types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO2-foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO2-foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT.Contrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam, respectively (P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam (P = 0.0167).RESULTSContrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam, respectively (P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam (P = 0.0167).A mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO2. Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result.CONCLUSIONA mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO2. Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result. PurposeTo evaluate the effect of air, CO2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.Materials and MethodsThree types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO2-foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT.ResultsContrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam, respectively (P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO2-foam (P = 0.0167).ConclusionA mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO2. Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result. Purpose To evaluate the effect of air, CO 2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Materials and Methods Three types of foam sclerosants (air-foam, CO 2 -foam, contrast-air-foam) were injected eight times into an inclined straight plastic tube (internal diameters 4 mm and 10 mm) filled with a blood substitute. Injections were captured by CCD camera, and images were transferred for digital analysis and calculation of DT. Results Contrast-air-foam and air-foam in a 4-mm tube showed 5.6-/3.3-fold greater DT compared to CO 2 -foam, respectively ( P = 0.001). Contrast-air-foam in a 10-mm tube showed 2.1-fold greater DT compared to CO 2 -foam ( P = 0.0167). Conclusion A mixture of air and iodinated contrast improves the stability of STS foam compared to mixtures using only air or CO 2 . Further, animal and clinical studies are needed to validate this in vitro result.
Author	Kazuki Hashimoto Masahiro Horikawa Khashayar Farsad Barry Uchida Hidefumi Mimura
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kazuki orcidid: 0000-0002-0054-330X surname: Hashimoto fullname: Hashimoto, Kazuki email: kazkik1980@gmail.com organization: Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Barry surname: Uchida fullname: Uchida, Barry organization: Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology – sequence: 3 givenname: Masahiro surname: Horikawa fullname: Horikawa, Masahiro organization: Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology – sequence: 4 givenname: Hidefumi surname: Mimura fullname: Mimura, Hidefumi organization: Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine – sequence: 5 givenname: Khashayar surname: Farsad fullname: Farsad, Khashayar organization: Charles T. Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm_b_34681 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvsv_2019_11_022 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom12121725 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0041_1729743
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Keywords	Lower extremity varix Polidocanol Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) Sotradecol Venous malformation Foam sclerotherapy Fibro-vein
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Snippet	Purpose To evaluate the effect of air, CO 2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Materials and... To evaluate the effect of air, CO and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam. Three types of foam... PurposeTo evaluate the effect of air, CO2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.Materials and... To evaluate the effect of air, CO2 and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.PURPOSETo evaluate the... PurposeTo evaluate the effect of air, CO{sub 2} and contrast medium-air on the dwell time (DT) stability of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) foam.Materials and...
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SubjectTerms	Air Blood substitutes CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon Dioxide - chemistry Cardiology Contrast Media Contrast Media - chemistry FOAMS Humans Imaging IN VITRO In Vitro Techniques INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Iohexol Iohexol - chemistry Laboratory Investigation Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nuclear Medicine Radiology Sclerosing Solutions Sclerosing Solutions - chemistry Sclerotherapy Sodium SODIUM SULFATES Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate - chemistry Ultrasound Viscoelastic Substances
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Title	Effects of Different Mixing Agents on the Stability of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (STS) Foam: An Experimental Study
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