Soft x-ray spectroscopy for probing electronic and chemical states of battery materials

• Published in: Chinese physics B Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 27 - 35
• Main Author: 杨万里 乔瑞敏
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IOP Publishing 01.01.2016
• Subjects: batteries; Battery; Chemical reactions; Electrodes; Electron states; electronic structure; Electronics; Evolution; soft x-ray spectroscopy; Soft x-rays; solid-electrolyte-interphase; Spectroscopy; X射线光谱; 化学状态; 固体电解质; 探测电池; 机械性能; 电化学氧化还原; 电子态; 电池材料
• ISSN: 1674-1056; 2058-3834; 1741-4199
• DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/25/1/017104

The formidable challenge of developing high-performance battery system stems from the complication of battery operations, both mechanically and electronically. In the electrodes and at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces, chemical reactions take place with evolving electron states. In addition to the extensive studies of material synthesis, electrochem- ical, structural, and mechanical properties, soft x-ray spectroscopy provides unique opportunities for revealing the critical electron states in batteries. This review discusses some of the recent soft x-ray spectroscopic results on battery binder, transition-metal based positive electrodes, and the solid-electrolyte-interphase. By virtue of soft x-ray＇s sensitivity to electron states, the electronic property, the redox during electrochemical operations, and the chemical species of the interphases could be fingerprinted by soft x-ray spectroscopy. Understanding and innovating battery technologies need a multimodal approach, and soft x-ray spectroscopy is one of the incisive tools to probe the chemical and physical evolutions in batteries.