Antiinflammatory and ROS Suppressive Effects of the Addition of Fiber to a High-Fat High-Calorie Meal

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 102; no. 3; pp. 858 - 869
• Main Authors: Ghanim, Husam, Batra, Manav, Abuaysheh, Sanaa, Green, Kelly, Makdissi, Antoine, Kuhadiya, Nitesh D., Chaudhuri, Ajay, Dandona, Paresh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Endocrine Society 01.03.2017; Copyright Oxford University Press; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adult; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; C-Peptide - drug effects; C-Peptide - metabolism; CD14 antigen; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet, High-Fat; Dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - pharmacology; Dietary intake; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-1beta - drug effects; Interleukin-1beta - immunology; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Leukocytes, Mononuclear - drug effects; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - drug effects; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - immunology; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism; Male; Meals; Middle Aged; mRNA; Oxidative stress; Postprandial Period - drug effects; Postprandial Period - immunology; Postprandial Period - physiology; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 - drug effects; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 - genetics; Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; RNA, Messenger - drug effects; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein - drug effects; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein - genetics; Toll-Like Receptor 4 - drug effects; Toll-Like Receptor 4 - immunology; Toll-like receptors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - drug effects; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2669

Background:Fiber intake is associated with a reduction in the occurrence of cardiovascular events and diabetes.Objective:To investigate whether the addition of fiber to a high-fat, high-calorie (HFHC) meal prevents proinflammatory changes induced by the HFHC meal.Design:Ten normal fasting subjects consumed an HFHC meal with or without an additional 30 g of insoluble dietary fiber on 2 separate visits. Blood samples were collected over 5 hours, and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated.Results:Fiber addition to the HFHC meal significantly lowered glucose excursion in the first 90 minutes and increased insulin and C-peptide secretion throughout the 5-hour follow-up period compared with the meal alone. The HFHC meal induced increases in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, MNC reactive oxygen species generation, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and CD14. The addition of fiber prevented an increase in LPS and significantly reduced the increases in ROS generation and the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR-4, and CD14. In addition, the meal increased Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) messenger RNA and protein levels, which were inhibited when fiber was added.Conclusions:The addition of fiber to a proinflammatory HFHC meal had beneficial anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects. Thus, the fiber content of the American Heart Association meal may contribute to its noninflammatory nature. If these actions of dietary fiber are sustained following long-term intake, they may contribute to fiber’s known benefits in the prevention of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.We studied the effects of the addition of fiber to a high-fat meal, and we found that fiber suppressed meal-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.