Intestinal Microbiota in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 73; no. 16; pp. 2089 - 2105
• Main Authors: Tang, W.H. Wilson, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Landmesser, Ulf, Hazen, Stanley L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 30.04.2019
• Subjects: association; blood-pressure; Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; coronary-artery-disease; dysbiosis; fish consumption; gut microbiota; heart-failure; intestinal microbiota; Kardiologi och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar; l-carnitine; myocardial-infarction; prognostic value; secondary bile acids; short-chain fatty acid; trimethylamine N-oxide; wide; TMAO; short-chain fatty acid; FXR; CAD; FMO; TMA; trimethylamine N-oxide; SCFA; CVD; intestinal microbiota; secondary bile acids; TML; CKD; HF; γBB; dysbiosis; coronary artery disease; chronic kidney disease; flavin monooxygenase; trimethylamine; γ-butyrobetaine; cardiovascular disease; heart failure; farnesoid X receptor; trimethyllysine
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.024

Despite major strides in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden with modification of classic CVD risk factors, significant residual risks remain. Recent discoveries that linked intestinal microbiota and CVD have broadened our understanding of how dietary nutrients may affect cardiovascular health and disease. Although next-generation sequencing techniques can identify gut microbial community participants and provide insights into microbial composition shifts in response to physiological responses and dietary exposures, provisions of prebiotics or probiotics have yet to show therapeutic benefit for CVD. Our evolving understanding of intestinal microbiota-derived physiological modulators (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and pathogenic mediators (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide) of host disease susceptibility have created novel potential therapeutic opportunities for improved cardiovascular health. This review discusses the roles of human intestinal microbiota in normal physiology, their associations with CVD susceptibilities, and the potential of modulating intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism as a novel therapeutic target for CVD. [Display omitted] •Intestinal microbiota are mechanistically linked to physiological processes that affect cardiovascular health.•Dietary nutrients serve as key environmental influences to intestinal microbiota and human host metabolism.•Modulating intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism may serve as targets for cardiovascular disease prevention.