Food-derived serotonergic modulators: effects on mood and cognition

The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on th...

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Published inNutrition research reviews Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 223 - 234
Main Authors Hulsken, Sjoerd, Märtin, Antje, Mohajeri, M. Hasan, Homberg, Judith Regina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.12.2013
Subjects
adverse effects
Affect - drug effects
amine oxidase (flavin-containing)
Animals
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation - blood
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation - pharmacology
bananas
brain
Brain - drug effects
Brain - metabolism
chickens
cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition - drug effects
Diet
drugs
Emotions
Food
foods
grains
Humans
mechanism of action
Mode of action
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - blood
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Musa
Nutrition research
nuts
Plant extracts
Plant Extracts - blood
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
rodents
Serotonin
Serotonin - metabolism
Serotonin Agents - blood
Serotonin Agents - pharmacology
Side effects
soybeans
Thunnus
tryptophan
Tryptophan - blood
Tryptophan - pharmacology
tuna
Therapy
Monoamine reuptake
Serotonin levels
Tryptophan
Cognition
Emotion
Food
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0954-4224
1475-2700
1475-2700
DOI10.1017/S0954422413000164

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Abstract The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on the availability of the food-derived precursor tryptophan, foods such as chicken, soyabeans, cereals, tuna, nuts and bananas may serve as an alternative to improve mood and cognition. Here we discuss the effects of high- or low-tryptophan-containing food, as well as plant extracts with a modest monoamine reuptake and MAO-A inhibition functional profile, on mood and cognition in healthy and vulnerable human subjects and rodents. Together the studies suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels, with low and too high tryptophan levels impairing cognition, and moderate to high tryptophan levels improving cognition. This relationship is found for both healthy and vulnerable subjects. Whereas this relationship may also exist for mood, the inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels and mood may be based on different tryptophan concentrations in healthy v. vulnerable individuals. Animal studies are emerging and allow further understanding of effects and the mode of action of food-derived serotonergic components on mood, cognition and mechanisms. Ultimately, insight into the concentrations of tryptophan and other serotonergic components in food having beneficial effects on mood and cognition in healthy, but particularly vulnerable, subjects may support well-being in our highly demanding society.
AbstractList The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on the availability of the food-derived precursor tryptophan, foods such as chicken, soyabeans, cereals, tuna, nuts and bananas may serve as an alternative to improve mood and cognition. Here we discuss the effects of high- or low-tryptophan-containing food, as well as plant extracts with a modest monoamine reuptake and MAO-A inhibition functional profile, on mood and cognition in healthy and vulnerable human subjects and rodents. Together the studies suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels, with low and too high tryptophan levels impairing cognition, and moderate to high tryptophan levels improving cognition. This relationship is found for both healthy and vulnerable subjects. Whereas this relationship may also exist for mood, the inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels and mood may be based on different tryptophan concentrations in healthy v. vulnerable individuals. Animal studies are emerging and allow further understanding of effects and the mode of action of food-derived serotonergic components on mood, cognition and mechanisms. Ultimately, insight into the concentrations of tryptophan and other serotonergic components in food having beneficial effects on mood and cognition in healthy, but particularly vulnerable, subjects may support well-being in our highly demanding society.The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on the availability of the food-derived precursor tryptophan, foods such as chicken, soyabeans, cereals, tuna, nuts and bananas may serve as an alternative to improve mood and cognition. Here we discuss the effects of high- or low-tryptophan-containing food, as well as plant extracts with a modest monoamine reuptake and MAO-A inhibition functional profile, on mood and cognition in healthy and vulnerable human subjects and rodents. Together the studies suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels, with low and too high tryptophan levels impairing cognition, and moderate to high tryptophan levels improving cognition. This relationship is found for both healthy and vulnerable subjects. Whereas this relationship may also exist for mood, the inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels and mood may be based on different tryptophan concentrations in healthy v. vulnerable individuals. Animal studies are emerging and allow further understanding of effects and the mode of action of food-derived serotonergic components on mood, cognition and mechanisms. Ultimately, insight into the concentrations of tryptophan and other serotonergic components in food having beneficial effects on mood and cognition in healthy, but particularly vulnerable, subjects may support well-being in our highly demanding society.
The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on the availability of the food-derived precursor tryptophan, foods such as chicken, soyabeans, cereals, tuna, nuts and bananas may serve as an alternative to improve mood and cognition. Here we discuss the effects of high- or low-tryptophan-containing food, as well as plant extracts with a modest monoamine reuptake and MAO-A inhibition functional profile, on mood and cognition in healthy and vulnerable human subjects and rodents. Together the studies suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels, with low and too high tryptophan levels impairing cognition, and moderate to high tryptophan levels improving cognition. This relationship is found for both healthy and vulnerable subjects. Whereas this relationship may also exist for mood, the inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels and mood may be based on different tryptophan concentrations in healthy v. vulnerable individuals. Animal studies are emerging and allow further understanding of effects and the mode of action of food-derived serotonergic components on mood, cognition and mechanisms. Ultimately, insight into the concentrations of tryptophan and other serotonergic components in food having beneficial effects on mood and cognition in healthy, but particularly vulnerable, subjects may support well-being in our highly demanding society.
The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing serotonin levels in the brain. However, side-effects have been reported for these drugs. Because serotonin levels in the brain are dependent on the availability of the food-derived precursor tryptophan, foods such as chicken, soyabeans, cereals, tuna, nuts and bananas may serve as an alternative to improve mood and cognition. Here we discuss the effects of high- or low-tryptophan-containing food, as well as plant extracts with a modest monoamine reuptake and MAO-A inhibition functional profile, on mood and cognition in healthy and vulnerable human subjects and rodents. Together the studies suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels, with low and too high tryptophan levels impairing cognition, and moderate to high tryptophan levels improving cognition. This relationship is found for both healthy and vulnerable subjects. Whereas this relationship may also exist for mood, the inverted U-shaped curve for plasma tryptophan levels and mood may be based on different tryptophan concentrations in healthy v. vulnerable individuals. Animal studies are emerging and allow further understanding of effects and the mode of action of food-derived serotonergic components on mood, cognition and mechanisms. Ultimately, insight into the concentrations of tryptophan and other serotonergic components in food having beneficial effects on mood and cognition in healthy, but particularly vulnerable, subjects may support well-being in our highly demanding society. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author Homberg, Judith Regina
Mohajeri, M. Hasan
Hulsken, Sjoerd
Märtin, Antje
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  surname: Hulsken
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  fullname: Märtin, Antje
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  givenname: Judith Regina
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  organization: 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZNijmegen, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134856$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 2
Keywords Therapy
Monoamine reuptake
Serotonin levels
Tryptophan
Cognition
Emotion
Food
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Snippet The most frequently described drugs in the treatment of mood disorders are selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, enhancing...
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SubjectTerms adverse effects
Affect - drug effects
amine oxidase (flavin-containing)
Animals
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation - blood
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation - pharmacology
bananas
brain
Brain - drug effects
Brain - metabolism
chickens
cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition - drug effects
Diet
drugs
Emotions
Food
foods
grains
Humans
mechanism of action
Mode of action
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - blood
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Musa
Nutrition research
nuts
Plant extracts
Plant Extracts - blood
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
rodents
Serotonin
Serotonin - metabolism
Serotonin Agents - blood
Serotonin Agents - pharmacology
Side effects
soybeans
Thunnus
tryptophan
Tryptophan - blood
Tryptophan - pharmacology
tuna
Title Food-derived serotonergic modulators: effects on mood and cognition
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Volume 26
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