Yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis) attenuates both central and peripheral inflammatory effects of diet-induced obesity in rats

• Published in: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. 809 - 818
• Main Authors: Pimentel, Gustavo D, Lira, Fábio S, Rosa, José C, Caris, Aline V, Pinheiro, Fernanda, Ribeiro, Eliane B, Oller do Nascimento, Cláudia M, Oyama, Lila M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2013
• Subjects: adiponectin; adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - drug effects; administration & dosage; analysis; Animal subjects; Animals; anti-inflammatory activity; blood; Body Weight; Body Weight - drug effects; chemistry; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; colorimetry; complications; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Diet-induced obesity; drug effects; drug therapy; Energy Intake; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; fas Receptor; fas Receptor - genetics; fas Receptor - metabolism; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; food intake; genetics; High-fat diet; Hypothalamus; Hypothalamus - drug effects; Hypothalamus - metabolism; I-kappa B Proteins; I-kappa B Proteins - genetics; I-kappa B Proteins - metabolism; Ilex paraguariensis; Ilex paraguariensis - chemistry; Inflammation; Inflammation - complications; Inflammation - drug therapy; insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins - genetics; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins - metabolism; Insulin resistance; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-10 - analysis; Interleukin-10 - metabolism; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-6 - analysis; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; interleukins; leptin; Leptin - blood; liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Male; metabolism; Muscles; Muscles - drug effects; Muscles - metabolism; NF-kappa B; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity - drug therapy; pharmacology; Phosphorylation; Plant Extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rat; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adiponectin; Receptors, Adiponectin - genetics; Receptors, Adiponectin - metabolism; saturated fatty acids; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; tumor necrosis factors; Western blotting; yerba mate; Yerba mate extract; Diet-induced obesity; Cytokines; Rat; Yerba mate extract; High-fat diet; Insulin resistance; Inflammation
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.016

To clarify the effects of natural dietary components on the metabolic consequences of obesity, we examined the effects of yerba mate extract Ilex paraguariensis on both central and peripheral inflammatory effects of diet-induced obesity and correlated the hypothalamic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level with adipose depot weight. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group (CTL) fed with chow diet, a second group fed with chow diet plus yerba mate extract (CTL+E), a third group fed with a high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD) and a fourth group fed with HFD plus yerba mate extract (HFD+E). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, colorimetric method and treatment by gavage were utilized as materials and methods. The HFD groups showed a significant increase in food intake (kcal), body weight, adipose tissue and leptin level in comparison to CTL and CTL+E. HFD leads to increase of both central and peripheral inflammatory effects, and deregulation of insulin pathway. In addition, yerba mate extract intake blunted the proinflammatory effects of diet-induced obesity in rats by reducing the phosphorylation of hypothalamic IKK and NFκBp65 expression and increasing the protein levels of IκBα, the expression of adiponectin receptor-1 and consequently the amount of IRS-2. Moreover, the increase in interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the liver and muscle and of the IL-10/TNF-α ratio in groups that received yerba mate extract showed the anti-inflammatory effects of this natural substance. Taken together, our data suggest that the use of yerba mate extract may be useful for reducing low-grade obesity-associated inflammation.