Impact of Female Gender in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review

Inflammatory bowel diseases show a gender bias, as reported for several other immune-mediated diseases. Female-specific differences influence disease presentation and activity, leading to a different progression between males and females. Women show a genetic predisposition to develop inflammatory b...

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Published inJournal of personalized medicine Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 165
Main Authors Lungaro, Lisa, Costanzini, Anna, Manza, Francesca, Barbalinardo, Marianna, Gentili, Denis, Guarino, Matteo, Caputo, Fabio, Zoli, Giorgio, De Giorgio, Roberto, Caio, Giacomo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 17.01.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Age
Cholangitis
Development and progression
Epidemiology
Females
Gender
Genotype & phenotype
Immune system
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Intestine
Investigations
Males
Pain perception
Pathogenesis
Patient compliance
Patients
Polymorphism
Precision medicine
Quality of life
Review
Sex discrimination
Surgery
Womens health
X chromosomes
female gender
female sex
ulcerative colitis
quality of life
inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
women
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ISSN2075-4426
2075-4426
DOI10.3390/jpm13020165

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Summary:Inflammatory bowel diseases show a gender bias, as reported for several other immune-mediated diseases. Female-specific differences influence disease presentation and activity, leading to a different progression between males and females. Women show a genetic predisposition to develop inflammatory bowel disease related to the X chromosome. Female hormone fluctuation influences gastrointestinal symptoms, pain perception, and the state of active disease at the time of conception could negatively affect the pregnancy. Women with inflammatory bowel disease report a worse quality of life, higher psychological distress, and reduced sexual activity than male patients. This narrative review aims to resume the current knowledge of female-related features in clinical manifestations, development, and therapy, as well as sexual and psychological implications related to inflammatory bowel disease. The final attempt is to provide gastroenterologists with a roadmap of female-specific differences, to improve patients’ diagnosis, management, and treatment.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2075-4426
2075-4426
DOI:10.3390/jpm13020165