A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

• Published in: Molecular plant pathology Vol. 22; no. 12; pp. 1500 - 1519
• Main Authors: Osdaghi, Ebrahim, Jones, Jeffrey B., Sharma, Anuj, Goss, Erica M., Abrahamian, Peter, Newberry, Eric A., Potnis, Neha, Carvalho, Renato, Choudhary, Manoj, Paret, Mathews L., Timilsina, Sujan, Vallad, Gary E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2021; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: aerobiosis; Africa; Amaranthus; Amaranthus blitum subsp. oleraceus; Australia; Bacteria; Brazil; Canada; Capsicum annuum; Catalase; Chlorosis; Colonies; Culture media; Datura; Eastern European region; Economic importance; Emilia; Emilia fosbergii; Euphorbia heterophylla; Genomes; Halos; Host range; Hyoscyamus; Lycium; Nicandra; Nicandra physalodes; Nicotiana rustica; Oxidative metabolism; Pathogen Profile; Pathogen Profiles; Pathogens; pepper; Peppers; Physalis; Physalis pubescens; Phytomonas; Plant Diseases; plant pathology; Proteobacteria; Pseudomonas; Quarantine; Sida glomerata; Signs and symptoms; Solanaceae; Solanum; Solanum americanum; Solanum lycopersicum; South East Asia; Spot; Taxonomy; Tomatoes; Western European region; Xanthomonas; Xanthomonas cynarae; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans; Xanthomonas gardneri; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri; Xanthomonas perforans; Xanthomonas vesicatoria; Australia; Florida; United States > US; South Africa; South East Asia; Canada; Africa; Brazil; Eastern European region; Western European region; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri; Xanthomonas vesicatoria; Solanum lycopersicum; Capsicum annuum; Solanaceae; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria
• ISSN: 1464-6722; 1364-3703
• DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13125

Disease symptoms Symptoms include water‐soaked areas surrounded by chlorosis turning into necrotic spots on all aerial parts of plants. On tomato fruits, small, water‐soaked, or slightly raised pale‐green spots with greenish‐white halos are formed, ultimately becoming dark brown and slightly sunken with a scabby or wart‐like surface. Host range Main and economically important hosts include different types of tomatoes and peppers. Alternative solanaceous and nonsolanaceous hosts include Datura spp., Hyoscyamus spp., Lycium spp., Nicotiana rustica, Physalis spp., Solanum spp., Amaranthus lividus, Emilia fosbergii, Euphorbia heterophylla, Nicandra physaloides, Physalis pubescens, Sida glomerata, and Solanum americanum. Taxonomic status of the pathogen Domain, Bacteria; phylum, Proteobacteria; class, Gammaproteobacteria; order, Xanthomonadales; family, Xanthomonadaceae; genus, Xanthomonas; species, X. euvesicatoria, X. hortorum, X. vesicatoria. Synonyms (nonpreferred scientific names) Bacterium exitiosum, Bacterium vesicatorium, Phytomonas exitiosa, Phytomonas vesicatoria, Pseudomonas exitiosa, Pseudomonas gardneri, Pseudomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Xanthomonas cynarae pv. gardneri, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans. Microbiological properties Colonies are gram‐negative, oxidase‐negative, and catalase‐positive and have oxidative metabolism. Pale‐yellow domed circular colonies of 1–2 mm in diameter grow on general culture media. Distribution The bacteria are widespread in Africa, Brazil, Canada and the USA, Australia, eastern Europe, and south‐east Asia. Occurrence in western Europe is restricted. Phytosanitary categorization A2 no. 157, EU Annex designation II/A2. EPPO codes XANTEU, XANTGA, XANTPF, XANTVE. In this review we provide a historical perspective as well as an updated overview on the aetiology, epidemiology, and management strategies of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper.