How Good is Stratification and Prediction Model Analysis Between Primary and Revisional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery? A Multi-center Study and Narrative Review

• Published in: Obesity surgery Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 1431 - 1448
• Main Authors: Hany, Mohamed, Zidan, Ahmed, Sabry, Karim, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Agayby, Ann Samy Shafiq, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Torensma, Bart
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Body mass index; Gastrectomy - methods; Gastric Bypass - methods; Gastrointestinal surgery; Gastroplasty - methods; Heart surgery; Humans; Laparoscopy; Laparoscopy - methods; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid - surgery; Original Contributions; Reoperation - methods; Retrospective Studies; Surgeons; Surgery; Treatment Outcome; Variables; Weight control; Excess weight loss; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Gastric band; Prediction model; Vertical banded gastroplasty; Revision surgery; Stratification; Sleeve gastrectomy
• ISSN: 0960-8923; 1708-0428; 1708-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06532-3

Introductions Revision surgery because of weight recurrence is performed in 2.5–33% of primary vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and gastric band (GB) cases. These cases qualify for revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB). Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 2008 to 2019. A stratification analysis and multivariate logistic regression for prediction modeling compared the possibility of sufficient % excess weight loss (%EWL) ≥ 50 or insufficient %EWL < 50 between three different RRYGB procedures, with primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (PRYGB) as the control during 2 years of follow-up. A narrative review was conducted to test the presence of prediction models in the literature and their internal and external validity. Results A total of 558 patients underwent PRYGB, and 338 underwent RRYGB after VBG, LSG, and GB, and completed 2 years of follow-up. Overall, 32.2% of patients after RRYGB had a sufficient %EWL ≥ 50 after 2 years, compared to 71.3% after PRYGB ( p  ≤ 0.001). The total %EWL after the revision surgeries for VBG, LSG, and GB was 68.5%, 74.2%, and 64.1%, respectively ( p  ≤ 0.001). After correcting for confounding factors, the baseline odds ratio (OR) or sufficient %EWL ≥ 50 after PRYGB, LSG, VBG, and GB was 2.4, 1.45, 0.29, and 0.32, respectively ( p  ≤ 0.001). Age was the only significant variable in the prediction model ( p  = 0.0016). It was impossible to develop a validated model after revision surgery because of the differences between stratification and the prediction model. The narrative review showed only 10.2% presence of validation in the prediction models, and 52.5% had external validation. Conclusion Overall, 32.2% of all patients after revisional surgery had a sufficient %EWL ≥ 50 after 2 years, compared to PRYGB. LSG had the best outcome in the revisional surgery group in the sufficient %EWL group and the best outcome in the insufficient %EWL group. The skewness between the prediction model and stratification resulted in a partially non-functional prediction model. Graphical Abstract