Fast chromatographic method for the determination of dyes in beverages by using high performance liquid chromatography—Diode array detection data and second order algorithms

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1216; no. 42; pp. 7063 - 7070
• Main Authors: Culzoni, María J., Schenone, Agustina V., Llamas, Natalia E., Garrido, Mariano, Di Nezio, Maria S., Fernández Band, Beatriz S., Goicoechea, Héctor C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 16.10.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: Algorithms; amaranth dye; Amaranth Dye - analysis; analysis; Azo Compounds; Azo Compounds - analysis; Beverages; Beverages - analysis; Beverages samples; Biological and medical sciences; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - economics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Dyes; economics; Food Analysis; Food Analysis - economics; Food Analysis - methods; food coloring; Food Coloring Agents; Food Coloring Agents - analysis; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; high performance liquid chromatography; HPLC-DAD; Least-Squares Analysis; methods; Models, Chemical; Multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares; Non alcoholic beverage industries and mineral waters; rapid methods; Reproducibility of Results; Residual bilinearization; Second order advantage; soft drinks; Tartrazine; Tartrazine - analysis; Beverages samples; Multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares; Second order advantage; Dyes; HPLC-DAD; Residual bilinearization; Non alcoholic beverage; Food colorant; Chemical analysis; Statistical analysis; Multivariate curve resolution alternating; HPLC chromatography; Multivariate analysis; Sunset yellow FCF; Amaranth; Least squares method; Azo dye; least squares; Diode array; Tartrazine; Chemometrics; Acid dye; Quantitative analysis; Ultraviolet visible spectrometry
• ISSN: 0021-9673; 1873-3778; 1873-3778
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.077

A fast chromatographic methodology is presented for the analysis of three synthetic dyes in non-alcoholic beverages: amaranth (E123), sunset yellow FCF (E110) and tartrazine (E102). Seven soft drinks (purchased from a local supermarket) were homogenized, filtered and injected into the chromatographic system. Second order data were obtained by a rapid LC separation and DAD detection. A comparative study of the performance of two second order algorithms (MCR-ALS and U-PLS/RBL) applied to model the data, is presented. Interestingly, the data present time shift between different chromatograms and cannot be conveniently corrected to determine the above-mentioned dyes in beverage samples. This fact originates the lack of trilinearity that cannot be conveniently pre-processed and can hardly be modelled by using U-PLS/RBL algorithm. On the contrary, MCR-ALS has shown to be an excellent tool for modelling this kind of data allowing to reach acceptable figures of merit. Recovery values ranged between 97% and 105% when analyzing artificial and real samples were indicative of the good performance of the method. In contrast with the complete separation, which consumes 10 mL of methanol and 3 mL of 0.08 mol L −1 ammonium acetate, the proposed fast chromatography method requires only 0.46 mL of methanol and 1.54 mL of 0.08 mol L −1 ammonium acetate. Consequently, analysis time could be reduced up to 14.2% of the necessary time to perform the complete separation allowing saving both solvents and time, which are related to a reduction of both the costs per analysis and environmental impact.