Cerebral Venous Reflux and Dilated Basal Ganglia Perivascular Space in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

• Published in: Journal of stroke Vol. 24; no. 3; pp. 363 - 371
• Main Authors: Tsai, Hsin-Hsi, Lee, Bo-Ching, Chen, Ya-Fang, Jeng, Jiann-Shing, Tsai, Li-Kai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korean Stroke Society 01.09.2022; 대한뇌졸중학회
• Subjects: cerebral hemorrhage; cerebral small vessel diseases; cerebrovenous reflux; hypertension; Original; perivascular space; 신경과학
• ISSN: 2287-6391; 2287-6405
• DOI: 10.5853/jos.2022.01004

Background and Purpose Cerebral venous flow alterations potentially contribute to age-related white matter changes, but their role in small vessel disease has not been investigated.Methods This study included 297 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral venous reflux (CVR) was defined as the presence of abnormal signal intensity in the dural venous sinuses or internal jugular vein on time-of-flight angiography. We investigated the association between CVR, dilated perivascular spaces (PVS), and recurrent stroke risk.Results CVR was observed in 38 (12.8%) patients. Compared to patients without CVR those with CVR were more likely to have high grade (>20 in the number) dilated PVS in the basal ganglia (60.5% vs. 35.1%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 5.60; P=0.011) and large PVS (>3 mm in diameter) (50.0% vs. 18.5%; aOR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.85 to 8.09; P<0.001). During a median follow-up of 18 months, patients with CVR had a higher recurrent stroke rate (13.6%/year vs. 6.2%/year; aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.84; P=0.03) than those without CVR.Conclusions CVR may contribute to the formation of enlarged PVS and increase the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with hypertensive ICH.